Linear Programming: Advantages, Disadvantages and Strategies

wholeness-dimensional computer programing Advantages, Disadvantages and StrategiesI elongate programIn a decision-making embroilment, ride formula is important beca affair it represents the essence of business decision worry. The term formulation is apply to mean value the process of converting the verbal description and numerical data into numeral expressions which represents the relevant relationship among decision factors, impersonals and restrictions on the use of resourcefulnesss. atomic bod 53-dimensional Programming (LP) is a particular type of proficiency use for stinting eachocation of sc sparke or limited resources, such as labour, material, machine, time, store space, capital, animation, etc. to several competing activities, such as products, services, jobs, new equipment, projects, etc. on the basis of a given criterion of optimally. The phrase scarce resources mean resources that argon not in unlimited in availability during the intend period. The cri terion of optimality oecumenicly is either consummation, return on investment funds, lucre, monetary value, utility, time, distance, etc.George B Dantzing while working with US Air Force during World war II, developed this technique, primarily for solving military logistics troubles. But now, it is being used extensively in all controlal areas of management, hospitals, airlines, agriculture, military appendages, oil refining, education, energy planning, pollution control, transportation planning and scheduling, research and development, etc. Even though these applications are diverse, all I.P examples consist of certain common properties and assumptions. Before applying bi one-dimensional programming to a real-life decision line of work, the decision-maker moldiness be aware of all these properties and assumptions.The word analogue refers to linear relationship among variables in a model. Thus, a given swop in one variable will unendingly cause a resulting proportional change in another variable. For example, stunt woman the investment on a certain project will only double the rate of the return. The word programming refers to modelling and solving a puzzle mathematically that involves the stinting storage allocation of limited resources by choosing a particular course of action or strategy among desegregateed choice strategies to achieve the desired bearing.STRUCTURE OF elongate PROGRAMMINGGeneral anatomical structure of LP ModelThe general structure of LP model consists of three components.Decision variables (activities) We get to evaluate various options (courses of action) for arriving at the optimal value of intention function. Obviously, if in that respect are no alternatives to select from, we would not need LP. The evaluation of various alternatives is guided by the nature of objective function and availability of resources. For this, we be certain activities usually denoted by x1, x2xn. The value of these activities represent s the extent to which each of these is make outed. For example, in a product-mix manufacturing, the management may use LP to decide how legion(predicate) units of each of the product to manufacture by using its limited resources such as personnel, machinery, money, material, etc.These activities are also known as decision variables because they arc under the decision makers control. These decision variables, usually interrelated in damage of consumption of limited resources, require simultaneous stems. All decision variables are continuous, controllable and non-negative. That is, x10, x20, .xn0.The objective function The objective function of each L.P problem is a mathematical representation of the objective in terms of a mensural meter such as profit, cost, revenue, distance, etc. In its general form, it is represented asOptimise (Maximise or Minimise) Z = c1x1 + c2X2. cnxnWhere Z is the measure-of-performance variable, which is a function of x1, x2 , xn. Quantities c1, c2cn are parameters that represent the contribution of a unit of the respective(prenominal) variable x1, x2, xn to the measure-of-performance Z. The optimal value of the given objective function is obtained by the graphical method or simplex method.The constraints There are uniformly certain limitations (or constraints) on the use of resources, e.g. labour, machine, primitive material, space, money, etc. that limit the stop to which objective bottom of the inning be achieved. Such constraints must be expressed as linear equalities or inequalities in terms of decision variables. The solution of an L.P model must satisfy these constraints. The linear programming method is a technique for choosing the best alternative from a set of feasible alternatives, in situations in which the objective function as well as the constraints piece of ass be expressed as linear mathematical functions.APPLICATION AREAS OF LINEAR PROGRAMMING running(a) programming is the most widely used technique of d ecision-making in business and Industry and in various other fields. In this section, we will discuss a few of the broad application areas of linear programming.Agricultural ApplicationsThese applications fall into categories of farm economics and farm management. The former deals with awkward economy of a nation or region, while the latter is concerned with the problems of the individual farm.The study of farm economics deals with inter-regional competition and optimum allocation of crop output signal. Efficient deed patterns tooshie be condition by a linear programming model under regional get resources and national demand constraints. elongated programming can be utilise in agricultural planning, e.g. allocation of limited resources such as acreage, labour, body of water supply and working capital, etc. in a way so as to maximise net revenue.Military ApplicationsMilitary applications include the problem of selecting an air weapon system against enemy so as to go them pi nned down and at the same time minimising the numerate of aviation gas pedal used. A variation of the transportation problem that maximises the sum of money tonnage of bombs dropped on a set of targets and the problem of community defence against disaster, the solution of which yields the reduce of defence units that should be used in a given oncoming in order to provide the required level of protection at the lowest doable cost.Production troubleProduct mix A company can produce several different products, each of which requires the use of limited fruit resources. In such cases, it is essential to determine the quantity of each product to be produced knowing its marginal contribution and amount of available resource used by it. The objective is to maximise the get along contribution, subject to all constraints.Production planning This deals with the determination of minimum cost production plan over planning period of an item with a fluctuating demand, considering the init ial number of units in inventory, production capacity, constraints on production, workforce and all relevant cost factors. The objective is to downplay chalk up operation costs.Assembly-line balancing This problem is samely to scrape when an item can be made by assembling different components. The process of assembling requires whatsoever specified sequence(s). The objective is to minimise the total elapse time.Blending problems These problems arise when a product can be made from a shape of available raw materials, each of which has a particular composition and price. The objective here is to determine the minimum cost blend, subject to availability of the raw materials, and minimum and utmost constraints on certain product constituents.Trim detriment When an item is made to a standard size (e.g. glass, paper sheet), the problem that arises is to determine which combination of requirements should be produced from standard materials in order to minimise the trim loss.Finan cial ManagementPortfolio woof This deals with the selection of specific investment activity among several other activities. The objective is to uncovering the allocation which maximises the total expected return or minimises risk under certain limitations. winnings planning This deal with the maximisation of the profit margin from investment in plant facilities and equipment, cash in hand and inventory.Marketing ManagementMedia selection one-dimensional programming technique stand bys in determining the advertising media mix so as to maximise the effective exposure, subject to limitation of budget, specified exposure rates to different market segments, specified minimum and maximum number of advertisements in various media. (if) Travelling gross salesman problem The problem of salesman is to find the shortest route from a given city, visiting each of the specified cities and hence returning to the original point of departure, provided no city shall be visited double during the tour. Such type of problems can be solved with the help of the special assignment technique.Physical distribution Linear programming determines the most economic and efficient panache of locating manufacturing plants and distribution centres for physical distribution.Personnel ManagementStaffing problem Linear programming is used to allocate optimum manpower to a particular job so as to minimise the total overtime cost or total manpower.Determination of equitable salaries Linear programming technique has been used in determining equitable salaries and sales incentives.Job evaluation and selection Selection of suitable person for a specified job and evaluation of job in organisations has been done with the help of linear programming technique.Other applications of linear programming lie in the area of administration, education, fleet utilisation, awarding contracts, hospital administration and capital budgeting.ADVANTAGES OF LINEAR PROGRAMMINGFollowing are certain advantages of lin ear programmingLinear programming helps in attaining the optimum use of productive resources. It also indicates how a decision-maker can employ his productive factors effectively by selecting and distributing (allocating) these resources.Linear programming techniques improve the quality of decisions. The decision-making approach of the user of this technique be surveys more objective and less subjective.Linear programming techniques provide possible and practical solutions since there might be other constraints operating outside the problem which must be taken into key. Just because we can produce so many units docs not mean that they can be sold. Thus, necessary modification of its mathematical solution is required for the sake of convenience to the decision-maker.Highlighting of bottlenecks in the production processes is the most significant advantage of this technique. For example, when a bottleneck occurs, some machines cannot butt on demand while other remains idle for some of the time.Linear programming also helps in re-evaluation of a basic plan for ever-changing conditions. If conditions change when the plan is partly carried out, they can be persistent so as to adjust the remainder of the plan for best results.LIMITATIONS OF LINEAR PROGRAMMINGThere should be an objective which should be clearly recognizable and measurable in quantitative terms. It could be, for example, maximisation of sales, of profit, minimisation of cost, and so on, which is not possible in real life.The activities to be included should be distinctly identifiable and measurable in quantitative terms, for instance, the products included in a production planning problem and all the activities cant be measured in quantitative terms for example if labour is sick, which will decrease his performance which cant be measured.The resources of the system which arc to be allocated for the attainment of the finishing should also be identifiable and measurable quantitatively. They must b e in limited supply. The technique would involve allocation of these resources in a manner that would trade off the returns on the investment of the resources for the attainment of the objective.The relationships representing the objective as also the resource limitation considerations, represented by the objective function and the constraint equations or inequalities, respectively must be linear in nature, which is not possible.There should be a series of feasible alternative courses of action available to the decision makers, which are determined by the resource constraints.When these stated conditions are satisfied in a given situation, the problem can be expressed in algebraic form, called the Linear Programming Problem (LPP) and then solved for optimal decision.While solving an LP model, there is no guarantee that we will get integer valued solutions.For example, in finding out how many men and machines would be required lo perform a particular job, a non-integer valued solutio n will be meaningless. Rounding off the solution to the nearest integer will not yield an optimal solution. In such cases, integer programming is used to ensure integer value to the decision variables.Linear programming model does not take into consideration the effect of time and uncertainty. Thus, the LP model should be defined in such a way that any change due to internal as well as external factors can be incorporated.Sometimes large-scale problems can be solved with linear programming techniques even when assistance of computer is available. For it, the main problem can be fragmented into several small problems and solving each one separately.Parameters appearing in the model are assumed to be constant but in real-life situations, they are frequently neither known nor constant.Parameters like human behaviour, weather conditions, stress of employees, demotivated employee cant be taken into account which can adversely effect any organisationOnly one single objective is dealt with while in real life situations, problems come with multi-objectives.II SITUATION ANALYSISPhang furniture system Inc. (Fursys) manufactures two models of stools, faecal matter which is basic model and a better model called sturdy.SUPPLIESMaximum of 350 pounds bendable per day at the rate of $1.5 per pound by Keow supplies Up to 30 boxes of legs per day at the rate of $7.5 per box. Each box has 10 sets of legs by Yuen supplies Using linear programming the optimal production should be determined for maximum profit.Decision VariablesThe production units are in terms of number on daily basis. Therefore the decision variables areLet, X1 = No. of mickles production dailyX2 = No. of insolents production dailyObjective FunctionThe objective in the problem is to attain maximum profit. We have selling price for Potty and Hardy as $12.75 and $18. We need to calculate the unit profit gained by selling Potty and Hardy.Cost of production for 1 Potty = one pound shaping + one set of leg= ($1. 5*1) + $0.75(1)= $2.25 realize made by selling = $12.75 $2.25 = $10.5Cost of production for 1 Hardy = 1.5 pound of plastic + one set of leg= ($1.5*1.5) + ($0.75*1)= $3 unit profit made by selling Hardy = $18 $3 = $15ConstraintsPlasticPotty requires one pound of plastic and Hardy requires 1.5 pound plastic. So the total plastic used daily is(1)X1 + (1.5)X2This plastic supply cant exceed the limit of 350 pounds daily, so constraint is(1)X1 + (1.5)X2

Pumps industries and scope of submersible

spirits industries and scope of submersibleOverview Of Pumps Industries And Scope Of submersible Pumps In orbicular marketIndias economy is based mainly on gardening and it is the backbvirtuoso of the country. Indias agriculture dep end ups upon the timely monsoon and the amount of rainfall in whatsoever year. To avoid the uncertainty and vagaries of the monsoon, farmers in India resort to unhomogeneous methods of irrigation. India, being a vast country with much variation in geographical conditions, ineluctably several irrigation techniques.In beas of shaldepression pissing levels (1-6 metres head axial combine or mixed period put acrossles argon employ to lift piddle. Where water levels argon at 6-40 metres head or on river sides, mostly stellate flow centers atomic number 18 utilize.For cabalistic bore wells submersible or run or compressor inwardnesss be used depending on head and displace requirements and on availability of water in the bore well (yi eld).Pumps be the vital elements in an enormous crop of fluid handling applications and digress from fine household pumps to immense units utilized in the water, chemical and slide fastener industries. Pump performance requirements and duties vary considerably in terms of fabric of construction, wide range of temperature, pressure, viscosity, density etc. Pumps argon employed in almost all the industries.Pumps diligence In IndiaThe first electric car labour in India was forged in Coimbatore in 1930 and there by and by the motor pump industry expanded rapidly there. Today 60% of Indias requirements of internal and verdant pumpsets atomic number 18 made in Coimbatore. The Southern India Engineering Manufacturers Association (SIEMA) (established in 19522)has 215 members, most of whom establish motors and pumps of diverse types. Indian pumps are made tally to the ad hocations of the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). Coimbatore (with 1.2 one thousand thousand population) is too famous for Textile machinery manufacture and is rated sixth in the world. It is cal occupy the Manchester of South India due to the presence of hundreds of spinning mills, textile and garment manufacturing units in and around Coimbatore. Besides Coimbatore, Ahmedabad, Baroda, Calcutta and Dewas and the other places where agricultural pumps industries are situated. Similarly Rajkot, Agra and Kolhapur are famous for oil engines and Rajkot alone accounts for 50 shareage of engines production.Special Criteria For Motor And Pumps DesignApart from the general requirements for motor and pump design such(prenominal) as rating, proponent factor, head, discharge and susceptibility, the following factors are to be considered during design of pumpsets.1) In India, the three configuration electricity agency supply to villages varies from 240 450 volts with a 47.5 to 51 cycle frequency ( prototype 415 volt and 50 cycle frequency). Average power supply is 6 to 8 hours day by day during summer and most of the time, power supply is around 240 three hundred volts. In the mavin phase, voltage varies from 140 250 volts.2) During summer the ambient temperature is 35 to 40 degree calcius with dry humidity, when hear dissipation by motors or engines is poor. thereof pumpsets are designed for such extreme conditions.3) The literacy level in Indian villages is very low as is the economy. Consequently, people stinkpot non afford to spend on the maintenance of equipment.Hence, motors, pumps and engines are designed for belatedly assembleation, trouble free operation, and easy maintenance for a foresighted service period. slight Industries Testing And query Centre. ( SITARC)This centre was set up in 1986 for examen motors, pumps, monoblocks, submersible pumps, lancinating materials and for calibration of instruments. SIEMA contributed an 8,000 m2 piece of land to SITARC where the tasteing centre is now functioning. The bribe cost of the land is approximat ely US$ 500 000.SITARC has the following divisions and facilities Mechanical, electrical, materials testing and meteorology divisions Research and development, design and engineering divisions HRD/consultancy/information cell Prototyping products and tools in model tool roomSITARC is approved as a question centre by the Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India. It is accredited by NABL in the disciplines of mechanical, electrical, chemical and fluid flow and recognized by the Bureau of Indian Standards for ISI testing. Test certificates are recognized by the Export Inspection Agency, RITES, Ministry of Defence, offer Electricity Board and the State Water and Drainage Board.SITARC Pump prove funded by UNDP, UNIDO, Government of India and the Government of Tamil Nadu, is in the process of context up the most modern pump testing institute. The cost of the device is US$ 5 million.Product Quality And Performance Of Pumps Industries At world(a) LevelThe BIS assists exp orters and industry to bump into international standards and quality specifications for planetary acceptance through its standards formulation, certification, technical and other related activities. BIS is actively involved in the International Organization for Standardlization (ISO) and International Electro- Technical Commission (IEC) and also participates in various technical committees of ISO and IEC.Product quality begins from the selection of raw materials. The BIS has delimitate materials specifications for each component of pumps and motors and has specified time schedules for calibration of gauges, meters and other tools used in regular testing of pumps. All industries are unavoidable to cargo area calibration records of their equipment and meters.It is mandatory that qualified and properly trained technicians and inspectors are establish to conduct testing. Most industries have their own quality control systems which are used during the manufacturing stages of each c omponent. A few SIEMA member units are low gear to obtain ISO 9001 and ISO 9002 system certification. Medium and large scale industries use the in style(p) model CNC machines and fully computerized testing facilities to achieve the desired quality.BIS has issued separate standard specifications for each type of pump. Similarly, testing facilities for agricultural, viridity and submersible warship pumps are also specified by BIS to be followed by the industries.Each pump aim will undergo the following testing procedure before dispatch. mapping Test For Motor1) No lode current, watts, speed (clock wise and anti clockwise)2) Breakaway test to find fixing torque3) Full load test of watts, amps, speed, power factor, efficiency slip and temperature4) For single phase motor, test for moisture proof and current leakage for user safety enactment test for Monoblock in addition to motor test5) Test for boilers suit efficiency of the monoblock6) Test for guarantee of Performance at duty depict7) Overload test in operational range.Because of such a smashed quality control system, pumpsets thus construct will have higher(prenominal) reliability and superior performance.Types, Perfomance range and price of Indian Pumps at Global Level1) Axial flow pumps2) Monoblock pumps- single phase (240 Volts)3) Jet outward-developing combination pumps4) Monoblock pumps- three phase (415 Volts)5) Submersible Pumpsets6) Direct united or belt comen centrifugal pumpsAxial Flow PumpsAxial flow pumps or propeller pumps are used for a head range of 1-6 metres and give high discharge. No priming is necessary for this pumps and it operates at 80-90 percent of pump efficiency.Capacity Head Rnage (cm) proceeds lps5-30 HP 1-6M 60/300Prices for Axial flow pumps vary depending on the requirements of head and discharge.Single manikin 2880 Rpm centrifugal MonoblocksThese pumpsets are easy to install, lightweight, ruggedly built and designed for trouble free operation. They are of mon oblock construction with a common genus Calamus for the motor and pump. High efficiency of these pumps minimizes power charges. Numerous applications include irrigation of small land holdings, garden, domestic water supply and circulating systems. Motor are made of TEFC body and covers are of postage iron with capacitor start and run, Class B insulation running at 2880 RPM and enclosures with auspices IP44 IP 55. Pumps are of end suction, centrifugal design. Castings are of cast iron. Impellers are bronzy and dynamically balanced. These Monoblocks are fitted with high quality mechanical seals for long reliable life.Jet Centrifugal Pump Combination SetsThese pumpsets are used in borewells are openwells where suction depth is 8-60 metres. They are easy to install on borewells of 75 mm (3) and larger. As there are no moving parts inside the borewell jet units, maintenance is easier than with submersible pumps. Jet units are available in m whatever sizes for various suction lifts. trio word form Monoblock PumpsetsMotors are the TEFC 1440/2880 RPM squirrel case generalization type. Pumps are the single stage, and suction type and are fitted with cast iron impellers and castings. Stainless stigma bushes and brass impeller locking nuts are provided at the pump ent. Gunmetal gland, unvarnished steel studs and brass nuts are fitted to avoid rusting and to make it easy to replace asbestos packing ropes. Various models are available in monoblock range for selection to meet specific requirements.Three Phase Submersible PumpsetsSubmersible motors are designed to operate with 250/450 volts, 50 Hz, 3 phase AC supply. They are fitted with wet type, water-filled, water lubricated squirrel cage induction motors. The motor casing is of stainless steel. The starter winding is made of premature ventricular contraction/Polyester film, wrapped around waterproof copper winding wires. The rotor laminations are fitted with electrolytic grade copper rods, and the ends are braze d with forged copper end rings, mounted on a stainless steel beam, which is hardened and account to ensure long life. The shaft is supported by two sets of direct bronze journal bearings lubricated by water. The Axial thrust generated by the pump is absorbed by a thrust bearing fitted at the bottom of the motor. The motor is seated on radial seal rings.The pump is of multistage centrifugal design, with radial or mixed flow impellers which are of bronze and dynamically balanced. The diffusers are designed to give best possible efficiency and are built into the castings with replaceable guide bushes for easy maintenance. The pump shaft is made of stainless steel hardened and ground. A strainer is fitted at the approach of pump to prevent entry of solid particles.Single phase submersible pumpsets suitable for 100 to 115 mm borewells are also available.Submersible pumps tin can be installed in bore wells and very deep wells for irrigation schemes, domestic uses and industrial requ irements. Submersible pumps are versatile and are suitable for sprinkler irrigation schemes as booster pumps.Submersible Pumps Suitable For 150 Mm Bore DiameterDirect coupled and belt driven centrifugal pumps are single stage, radial flow and suction type with even shaft and vertically split casings. Pumps are fitted with pulleys or with flexible couplings, to be driven by electric motors or diesel engine engine engines. Direct coupled pumps are supplied with a common base plate for fixing the drive units.Diesel EngineVertical four stroke cycle, single piston chamber compression ignition water cooled/ air cooled cold star diesel engine.Diesel engines are designed as prime movers for agriculture, with high efficiency, low fuel and lubricating oil consumption. Grade 15 and Grade 20 cast iron and EN 9 matetials are used in the manufacture of these engines. Rigid inspection of components at both stage of the assembly makes every part easily interchangeable. Each engine is tested th oroughly for speed, output and fuel consumption according to the BIS specifications.Thermo-Syphen or a fresh water system is used for wated cooled engines. A blower is attached with a vanish wheel for air cooled engines. Single cylinder diesel engines are manufactured up to 10 HP and for above 10 HP, multi cylinder diesel engines are manufactured according to specifications.Electrical Starters And SwitchesStarters for direct-on-line or manually operated Star-Delta models are suitable for 220 and 440 v-50 Hz, three phase or single phase A.C. These are built-in with over load and single phase protection with bimetal relay arrangements, silver oxide bimetal contacts and other standard features to protect the electric motor from varying supply conditions.Product Average Price fox Durban $3-10 HP range 10112.5 HP range 106Three Phase Iron clad Switches (Rewireable)Capacity RatingAverage Price FOB Durban ($)16 amps 1632 amps 3063 amps 69100 amps 140Indian Pump Industry Poised To Incre ase Global ShareThe Indian Pump manufacturers have traditionally catered to the needs of domestic market. In India, pumps are mainly used for pumping water from wells in households. With the effect of LPG (Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization) the Indian pump manufacturers have started exporting to distant countries, where pumps are used for various purposed in different industrial sectors like, oil refineries, steel mills, mines etc. This has led to the increasing trend in export of pumps.Indian Pump Industry is capturing more and more market in the world. Exported to around 70 to 80 Countries, the Indian pump industry is poised to register a quick take onth rate than the world-wide average to capture a bigger slice of the international market, states an industry.The Indian Pump industry is set to evoke at 6-7 percent over the next three years as against the world pump market, which stands at euro 10 billion and is expected to grow at 4.0 percent per annum, says by Y.I Buch, president of Indian pump Manufacturers Association, in press released published on IndiaPRwire.com.The Industry, which currently has euro 500 million global market share, is expected to grow at a rate swift than the world pump market growth, capturing a larger share of the market, states the correction released by the Confederation of Indian Industry(CII).Among machinery, pumps are produced and used in the largest numbers, southward only to electric motors.According to industry estimates, India currently produces around one million pumps of various kinds an uses worth around Rs. 900 large, medium and small units producing pumps in the country catering to a range of sectors from agriculture to industries including nuclear power generation.Indian pump manufacturers are able to meet most of the domestic market demand, states Sarita Nagpal, head of manufacturing services of CII, which works closely with the Indian Pump Mnaufacturing Association.Exported to 70 countries, inc luding developed countries, Indian pump industry exports have registered 11 percent growth in the last two years after reversing a negative 11.5 percent trend in 2002-03 to clock 45 percent growth in 2003-04.India has today become a reliable, technically competent, competitive and enterprising outsourcing option for many multinational companies in industrial pumps and systems, said Buch.The growth story has emerged through technical collaborations and joint ventures that Indian companies have had with multinational majors.Technical know how of global standard has thus been well absorbed, Buch said.In addition, various research institutes such as the Small Industries Testing and Research Centre (SiTarc) in Coimbatore, have developed energy-efficient designs for pumps to meet the norms of Indian Standards, keeping in mind manufacturing feasibility with only the rudimentary facilities of small-scale sector.The Indian Pump Industry has an outstanding record of autochthonic research an d development in all three areas of technological intensities from spile produced pumps for agriculture to gigantic pumps for interlinking rivers, and pumps for critical services such as nuclear power generation, said Nagpal.Keeping pace with changing global standards, the Bureau of Indian Standards has developed 42 sepcifications for indigenous pumps.Till go out no other country in the world has set specific norms for minimum efficiency. The norms for minimum efficiency have also been periodically upgraded, such that even the minimum norms are close to 95 percent of internationally recognized chart efficiencies, said Nagpal.Spares, Accessories, Availability And Supply To Global MarketFor each pump, a trouble shooting and repairing manual, installation and maintenance hand book and spare parts catalogue I supplied to help the node understand the procedure to follow in dismantling, reassembling and ordering spare parts. Centrifugal, monoblock, jet and submersible pumps consume m inimum spares during their lifetime.The manufacturer will specify the required spares for each pump or batch of pumps ordered and these spare parts, can be supplied with the consignment. As most of the items are in regular production, any requirement can be met at short notice and slant can be arranged.Service Assistance For Installation And MaintenanceCentrifugal Pumps are easy to install and run. For Submersible and Jet Pumps, an installation guide book is provided with each pump.Proper schooling can be provided for a few mechanics at the suppliers premises. SITARC will also have training facilities for pump assembly, testing as well as installation techniques which can also be utilized.Further a few engineers can be made available to train local people at various centres by organizing seminars and classes.Joint Venture With Local Private People.In India stinting reforms have been in progress since 1991. Joint ventures, either in India or with African countries are encouraged, d epending on the requirements. Joint Ventures either in India or with African countries are encouraged, depending on the requirements. Joint Venture in Africa is possible when the requirement of pumpsets by value is US $ 3 to 4 million per year. Interested parties can contact SIEMA.Most MNCs were initially interested in exporting to the Indian market, but soon realized the need and frugal viablility of indigenous manufacturing and working out a joint venture of foreign direct investment for manufacturing. Apart from labour being cheap, availability of technologically skilled and knowledgeable manpower with communicative competence made them to favorably consider the above. MNCs feel that manufacturing base in India can help not only to cater to this market but also to markets in Asia and Africa. culminationIt is hoped that the above information is useful. The similarity between India and Southern and East African countries in respect of soil, monsoon pattern, climate, water table, l iteracy levels, literacy levels, electric system and user method, makes Indian pumps ideal one for African countries.

Managament Of Innovation And Technology Marketing Essay

Managament Of Innovation And Technology Marketing Essay unveiling a market early has several emoluments such as world capable to establish brand loyalty and techno ratiocinative leadership by learning inwardnesss and long-lived reputation seizure of scarce as situateds by obtaining key locations government permits access to dispersal channels and closer relationships with suppliers pickings advantage of buyer switching personifys by using customers vacillation in switching to a more technologic crossing or operate receivable to its complexity and unfamiliarity reaping increasing returns advantages by utilizing self-reinforcing positive feedback mechanisms. (Schilling, 2010, p.93-95) However, in that location atomic number 18 approximately advantages to bowing a market youthful such as pull aheadting from the ride-effect which enables late entrant to utilize first-mover smasheds explore and bugger offment investments capitalizing established-suppliers, vivacious distribution channels, and consumers familiarity to the technology susceptibility of ensuring the market to be more received by more tellingly estimating and determining customer expectations and involves exploiting incumbent inactiveness by more easily adopting the new technologies and their required production processes. In terms of considering these advantages, late entrants good deal surpass first movers although there atomic number 18 a lot of advantages of entering a market early. (Schilling, 2010, p.95-96)Name a winning (a) first mover, (b) early colleague, (c) late entrant. Identify unsuccessful utilizations of for apiece one?Successful voice of first mover Polaroid Instant camera discomfited example of first mover Kodak 8-mm Video CameraSuccessful example of early follower Samsung MicrowaveUnsuccessful example of early follower Intel MicroprocessorsSuccessful example of late entrant Palm Computing personal organizerUnsuccessful example of late entrant Dvo rak Keyboard(Schilling, 2010, p.98)What factors might piss some industries harder to pioneer than others? Are there industries in which there is no punishment for late door?Limited existence of natural resources, suppliers, complemental goods, distribution channels, and inst all tolded base requirement of the most cast outd technologies establishing consumer sensation and familiarity of the newest technology uncertainty and ambiguity of customer preference and desirability laid-back threat of emulous entry into the market are some remarkable factors that might make some industries harder to pioneer than others. Exceptionally, when there are industries in which a quaint soaked has capability to produce an unduplicated product or service, this firm can enter the market whenever it wants. Namely, there is no penalty for later entry into such industries. Hydrogen-powered automobiles can be considered as a good example of such an industry. (Schilling, 2010, p.99-102)Chapter 5 Case QuestionsWhy did most of the early labor organizer companies fail, even if they had innovative and advanced product designs?Despite of having innovative and sophisticated product designs, most of the early PDA companies fail beca practice session of some decisive factors such as running out of money and funds having light complementary goods, suppliers and distribution channels having a narrow installed base due to lack of advanced and enabling technologies, facing difficulties in terms of developing memory capacity, process power, modem size, battery life and size, software products lack of awareness of PDAs functions. (Schilling, 2010, p.90)Could early PDA companies have done anything polarly to survive? first PDA companies underestimated the sales volume as well as the cost of PDAs process and production that is why they encountered financial difficulties to afford and execute their projects as a result most of PDA companies ran out of money. However, some companies h omogeneous Sharp and Casio were contrastingly cerebrateed on more specialized devices and perpendicular markets. By doing so, these companies could survive and kept operating. (Schilling, 2010, p.90-91)From my point of view, the best and most logical thing that early and failed PDA companies could have done was to apply optical fusion and acquisitions strategies in order to create more financial resources, more complementary goods, more distribution channels, and larger installed base so as to sustainably campaign out their projects and accomplish their short-term and long-term goals.Why was Palm successful where so many others had failed?As a late entrant and observer, accurately assessing and estimating its target market preventing to do the same mistakes the early PDA companies did right determining and defining the desirability of consumers from the product producing a cost-efficient and fair product design were key elements ensured Palm to be successful.(Schilling, 2010, p.91)Was creation late to the impertinent audio market a disadvantage for apple? What factors enabled Apple to successfully enter when it did?As an overall evaluation, I do non think that cosmos late to the smart phone market was a disadvantage for Apple because Apple benefitted from previous operations and advancements with regard to fittingly linking to complementary goods and enabling technologies in the smart phone market. Furthermore, producing a smart phone with an aerodynamic interface and elegant design, providing additional features analogous taking pictures and downloading music also contributed to Apples achievement. In conclusion, all these factors enabled Apple to successfully enter and operate in the smart phone market despite of being late. (Schilling, 2010, p.92)Are there increasing returns in the smart phone market? Is it likely to eventually pick a single operating musical arrangement as the dominant allele design?According to me, it is obvious that ther e are increasing returns in the smart phone market because two leash sources of increasing returns learning effects and network out-of-doorities are continuously being change and advanced. If we look at today, there is a great op vex between Apple and Samsung in the smart phone market. Almost all software products and mobile applications are predominantly designed and produced to be congruous to these companies smart phones. Additionally, there is a high local and global demand for both Apple and Samsung smart phones. Therefore, I believe that smart phone market is likely to pick Apple and Samsung together as the dominant designs.Chapter 6What is the dissimilarity between strength, a agonistic advantage, and a sustainable competitive advantage?Strength is considered as a firms resources and adequacies that provide a firm competitive advantage. However, competitive advantage is firms power and capability to regular recurrence and surpass its competitors by using its strengths . Eventually, sustainable competitive advantage refers a firms scarce, unduplicated, precious, constant, and long-standing resources enabling it to continuously outperform its competitor for a long gunpoint of time. (Schilling, 2010, p.119)What makes an ability (or set of abilities) a heart and soul competency?According to the copy of Prahalad and Hamel, abilitys power to provide superiority in strategic antitheticiation effectual combination and coherence of numerous initial abilities abilitys additive to increasing product value and perceived customer value abilitys strength to foster a firms flexibility and configuration to changes and new improvements abilitys sufficiency to contain series of different organizations abilitys inimitable mechanism and social organization are key factors that convert an ability into a core competency.(Schilling, 2010, p.122-123)Why is it necessary to perform an external and immanent analysis before the firm can identify its true competencies ?As Gallon and his enquiry fellows suggest, building specific goal-oriented teams establishing an elaborate and detailed set of capabilities assigning the significance, power, and value of capabilities for a firm analysis and evaluation of each competencies in respect to providing a competitive advantage and effective fulfilment of market needs finding key competencies to be empowered and improved so as to provide a sustainable competitive advantage over competitors are critical steps in order a firm to accurately identify its competencies and accomplish its organizational goals. Hence, performing an external and internal analysis is essential and necessary. (Schilling, 2010, p.125)Pick a company you are familiar with. Can you identify some of its core competencies?I would like to evaluate and identify Apples core competencies as a familiar and touristed company. Basically, Apples core competencies are highly pore on innovation well investing in research and development creating elegant and aerodynamic designs manufacturing dissimilar multifunctional products such as IMac, IPhone, IPAD, IPod large installed base and availability of complementary goods high brand recognition and loyalty efficiently addressing its target market successfully exhibiting its products and training its customers through Apple Stores.How is the idea of strategic absorbed different from models of strategy that emphasizes achieving a fit between the firms strategies and its current strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (pulverization)?The main difference between strategic intent and SWOT is their time perspective in terms of executing objectives and accomplishing goals. In this context, strategic intent has a succeeding(a) and long-term perspective (approximately 10 to 20 years). In essence, strategic intents core consideration is to ensure overall organization to focus on estimating prox market demand, enhancing and improving its animated core competencies in order to satisfy the rising market demand. On the other hand, SWOT has a short-term perspective in carrying out objectives and achieving the organizational success. In the light of this, SWOT is fundamentally focuses on current data and information such as current competencies, current market demand and meeting this demand. (Schilling, 2010, p.125-127)Can a strategic intent be too ambitious?Although strategic intent focuses on achieving future goals, it should not overlook current condition of the firm in respect to determining and establishing future plans and goals. In this context, if a firm has in adequate to(predicate) capabilities and resources to allow a transition between its current position and aimed future position, strategic intent can be considered too ambitious. (Schilling, 2010, p.127)Chapter 6 Case QuestionsHow does Genzymes focus on orphan drugs affect the degree of competitor it faces? How does it affect the negociate power of customers?Genzymes focus on orphan dru gs positively affects the degree of contender it faces, namely taking this action ensured Genzyme to lead competition in the market. There were several factors that weaken the competition. Initially, Genzymes competitors were quite reluctant focalization on orphan drugs due to its low demand and small market. Subsequently, Genzyme benefited from FDAs edict and law which indicates that if a firm gets a patent and approval for an orphan drug, its drug gets a market exclusivity and protection from competition for seven years. As a result, there was no threat of potential entrants or existing rivalry at least for seven years, thus Genzyme remained powerful in the market. In addition to this, manufacturing and supplying a scarce and limited drug to relieve the pain of a ill-tempered illness induced patients not to have another choice except purchasing this drug. Therefore, Genzyme enhanced its bargaining power as a supplier whereas customers stayed with less bargaining power. (Schill ing, 2010, p.110)How does focusing on orphan drugs affect the types of resources and capabilities a biotech firm needs to be successful?Focusing on orphan drugs requires a biotech firm to use the existing resources and capabilities predominantly related to producing orphan drugs rather than generally providing benefit to the medical environment so as to be successful in its commitment. Therefore, such a biotech firm should highly invest in research and development. Furthermore, such a firm should independently operate with limited and adequate employees in its own production, sales, and testing facilities so as to have higher(prenominal) profits and lower costs, correspondingly to be successful. Overall, I think, in this particular case focusing on orphan drugs has a positive effect in respect to more productively using the existing resources and capabilities. (Schilling, 2010, p.111)Does Genzymes focus on orphan drugs make good sense? Do you think Genzyme has a long-term strategic intent?Genzymes focus on orphan drugs makes sense in terms of struggling to provide a medical discussion to rare diseases and illnesses. Accordingly, aiming to be highly profitable in this lowly competitive market also makes sense for Genzymes focus on orphan drugs. In my opinion, Genzyme demonstrated that it has a long-term strategic intent by dividing its businesses in different bailiwicks of medicine, and spreading its power to be dominant and leader in the market. (Schilling, 2010, p.113)Why do you think Genzyme has diversified into other areas of medicine? What are the advantages and disadvantages of this?I think, Genzyme has diversified into other areas of medicine in order to develop and advance its solutions to more diseases capture more market share honour and enhance its competitive advantage profitability and sustainability dominate the biotech market with its effective approaches to the critical medical issues. Despite of these pluses, it is inevitable for Genzyme to face more research and development costs to estimate and assess future solutions to diseases.What recommendations would you offer Genzyme for the future?I would offer Genzyme to maintain and sustain its diversified organizational structure so as to come up with new drugs for various diseases. By doing so, it can also foster and raise its profitability. However, diversifying and spreading its power to different medicine areas requires Genzyme to put more exertion into developing, manufacturing, marketing, and selling operations so as to achieve the success. In this context, I think, Genzyme should only use this effort in creating and developing new drugs, namely it should pay less management to the manufacturing, marketing, and selling processes by considering strategically established collaborations. By doing so, Genzyme can advance its core competencies and operational effectiveness in each medicine area it performs correspondingly it can considerably increase its profits.

Educate People On Pusher Syndrome

Educate People On shover SyndromeThe brain is a very complex organ. Everything we do or call back takes place in a very confined, small space. Any injury that occurs in the brain tooshie affect the whole body. pushcart syndrome is a disorder fol baseborning right or left brain damage. posture syndrome occurs when the persevering role pushes away from the nonhemip artic locating.2 drug peddler syndrome is observed in near 10 percent of acute cam disaster enduring ofs that has hemipargonsis.10 Typically, handcart syndrome occurs in strokes, but whitethorn to a fault occur in trauma, tumors, or other kinds of brain damage.11 Pusher syndrome usually occurs when the posterolateral portion of the thalamus, that is find deep at heart the rational hemispheres to a arrest place the cortex and is the relay center for sensory and motor implements and the suprathalamic white way out is involved.1,12,13 The damage is caused by higher twinge, swelling, and other secondary pathologies.10 Pusher syndrome is usually caused by a hemorrhagic stroke rather than a cerebral infarction.10 A posterior thalamic shed stock causes bigger lesions than thalamic infarctions, which frequently leads to equipage syndrome.7 calamitySince hawker syndrome is usually the bequeath of a stroke, it is most-valuable to know some(a) basic facts about strokes. One of the most common causes of death in the United States is due to a stroke.14 The long term cause of deterioration is in addition due to a stroke.15 stripes bottom cause an increased habituation for more survivors.16 A stroke is one of the most expensive and breeding changing syndromes keeping people from fully participating in their lives.17 Stroke occurs when there is an interruption of store flow to the brain and it causes fulminant terrible neurologic loss of function. Hypertension, heart disease, and diabetes are major risk factors for having a stroke.5 The age of people having strokes are start ing to decrease.17There are both distinguishable classifications of stroke, which are hemorrhage and ischemic strokes. Ischemic strokes are caused by thrombosis, embolism, or systemic hypoperfusion, while hemorrhage strokes are caused by intracerebral or subarachnoid hemorrhage. A thrombotic stroke is caused when a disease causes a thrombus and reduces blood flow distally. An embolic stroke is caused when debris breaks off and travels elsewhere to thrust arterial access to a particular region of the brain. Intracerebral hemorrhage stroke is usually from small arteries bleeding directly into the brain. This bleeding causes a localized hematoma that spreads along white matter path ways. The accumulation of blood female genitals occur within minutes or hours. The hematoma grows until the pressure increases to its limit or until the hemorrhage decompresses by emptying into the ventricular system or into the cerebrospinal fluid on the surface of the brain. Subarachnoid hemorrhage st roke is usually caused by a rupture of arterial aneurysms that are located at the base of the brain. Subarachnoid hemorrhage strokes can be in addition caused by bleeding from vascular formations that lie near the pial surface of the brain. Ischemic cerebral infarctions are amenable for 80 percent of strokes and brain hemorrhage is responsible for 20 percent of strokes.18Strokes can cause many neurological deficits. Those deficits accommodate deficits in motor control, ab customary synergistic patterns of movement, sinew weakness, sensory deficits, and a loss of wrap of motion.14 People having symptoms of a stroke should fall in a MRI or CT scan within 24 hours of onset.19 Symptoms of stroke embroil sudden numbness or weakness in the arm, degree, or face on one nerve of body, sudden confusion or trouble speaking, sudden trouble recovering, sudden difficulty with walking, dizziness, loss of parallelism, and sudden organizeaches.5Characteristics of Pusher SyndromePusher sy ndrome is characterized by pushing toward the hemiparetic side. A uncomplaining with baby carriage syndrome strongly resists the vertical upright carriage. They align their longitudinal axis of their bodies with what they grasp as vertical, which is toward their hemiparetic side.3 A patient with perambulator syndrome usually tilts their body 20 degrees to their hemiparetic side.4 move varies in severity and increases with postural challenges. In sit, the patient leans toward the weaker side. In standing(a), the patient has a high risk for falls because they are insane and the hemiparetic lower period can non support the pack of their body. The patient shows no solicitude of pushing to the weak side.5 These patients actually show fear of falling toward their nonparetic side and that is why they push toward the hemiplegic side.20 blueprintly, a patient with a stroke increases their burden down bearing on their stronger side, so this syndrome is opposite of the expected t endencys.5 Pusher syndrome is to a greater extent prominent when patients are upright rather than lying down.21 Patients with pusher syndrome has paresis of the contralesional extremities more frequently and more severe than patients without pusher syndrome13 These patients also book an unstable gait because they continuously fall to their paretic side. The inability to bear weightiness on the paretic lower extremity also causes gait disturbances. Part of the underlining mechanism of pusher syndrome is the mismatch between the visual vertical and tilted orientation of the body.14Diagnosing Pusher SyndromeTo diagnose pusher syndrome, the standardized Scale of Contraversive Pushing (SCP) is used on the same day of the MRI acquisition. The SCP analyzes three different areas. The first area to be assessed is symmetry of spontaneous body posture. The next is the use of the nonparetic arm or leg to increase pushing advertise by abduction and extension of extremities. Last is the resi stance to passive correction of posture. These tests are determined when the patient is sitting with feet on the ground and standing. For a patient to be diagnosed with pusher syndrome, all three analyzed areas throw away to be present and with a score of at least one with honor to their spontaneous postures and at least a score of one with reckon to the use of the nonparetic arm and leg to increase pushing force by abduction and extension. Also the patient has to show a resistance to the correction of the posture.6 The SCP is a simple and fast test but it is not suitable when symptoms are slight and except show up in dynamic activities equivalent walking. Another way to diagnose pusher syndrome is a four-point scale that assesses the armorial bearing of pusher syndrome by examining different postures. If a patient does not have pusher syndrome they will receive a score of zero. If pusher syndrome is only present in standing, the patient receives a score of one. If pusher synd rome is also present in sitting the patient receives a score of two. If pusher syndrome is also present while lying down the patient receives a score of three.7 interposition of Pusher SyndromePhysical therapy is a very important part of retrieval for a patient with pusher syndrome. Patients with hemiplegia and pusher syndrome will be admitted to inpatient rehabilitation more frequently than patients with little severe symptoms.7 Pusher syndrome causes impairments on postural quietus.8 One of the first goals of corporal therapy should be to demonstrate and align posture.2 Visual cues may be facilitatory for patients to try to align their body axis to the earth vertical.14 The healer can sit next to their less involved side or have the patient sit against a wall with their less involved side and tell the patient to lean toward the healer or against the wall. To help with sitting posture, physical therapy can include sitting on a therapy wind to bear on symmetry and sitting. W hile the patient is on the ball, the weaker lower extremity should cross over the stronger lower extremity. To help get the weak lower extremity out of flexion, which is often the position of the weaker lower extremity the patient can wear an air splint or a leg splint. The healers can actually tap directly over the quadriceps tendon to promote extension. A modified plantigrade position is a owing(p) position to begin early standing. In this position, the healers can focus on using the weaker lower extremity to work on unilateral support. The weaker upper berth extremity may also be in a position of flexion, so an air splint can be used to promote extension of that upper extremity. A patient can stand in a corner or doorway to promote symmetrical standing. The therapist should block the stronger extremities from moving into abduction and extension and pushing. The therapist should provide constant feedback about body orientation and have the patient practice correcting orientat ion and weight shifting.5 When a patient begins gait training, the therapist can lower the extremum of the assistive device so the patient has to bear weight on the uninvolved side.22 If a patient requires transferring, they should be transferred to their weaker side. Transferring this way is much more convenient since the patient is already pushing in that direction.Also, since pusher syndrome is the result of a stroke, the treatment of a patient with a stroke should also be discussed. The level of the patient with a stroke mustiness be part of consideration when a patient begins therapy. There are many tests to measure the independence in activities of daily living. These tests include the Functional liberty Measurement (FIM), Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS), modified Rankin Scale (mRS), and the Barthel Index (BI).23 A therapist will examine the patient and make a conclusiveness on the level that the patient is on in order to see which direction to begin therapy. Another scale tha t needs to be evaluated for a patient with a stroke is the Brunnstrom set ups of recovery. This scale rates the patient in the progression of the typical characteristics of stroke behaviors. This scale goes through seven stages of recovery. The stages begin with stage one as the patient is flaccid, stage two as the patient begins to develop spasticity, stage three as spasticity is at its superior, stage four and five as the spasticity decreases, stage six as spasticity is all in all gone and stage seven as the patient is back to normal function. The therapist should also be mindful of synergy patterns and help the patient to work out of these patterns.22 The stages of motor control and the stages of developmental posture are very important aspects of therapy for stroke patients. A therapist should be aware of these sequences and follow them in the treatment of a stroke patient.5After a patient suffers a stroke, balance ability can be ameliorate by physical therapy interventions. After a stroke, early impaired balance is strongly associated with future function and recovery.15 The Bobath concept of neuromuscular Developmental intervention (NDT) is one of the many tools that therapist can use to deal with item-by-item deficits and opportunities for stroke survivors. NDT is especially useful for those patients with a good prognosis for recovery. Bobath explained that a patient suffering from hemiplegia should be active while the therapist assists them in moving by using key points of control and reflexive crushing reflexes.9 The key points of control are head, shoulders, hips, or distal extremities. The shoulder and pelvic girdle is the most important points to influence postural alignment. A therapist would apply manual contact to the shoulder and articulatio coxae to influence muscle tone distribution and distal movements. The distal key points are the elbows, hands, knees, and feet. The distal key points affect the movement of the trunk. Once a patient s tone is manageable, the therapist superimposes normal movements and posture. When a therapist superimposes normal movement and posture, it is done within the context of a functional activity. NDT is a great way to inhibit abnormal postural reflex activity and movements and facilitate normal patterns. Normal motor patterns include head and trunk control, upper extremity support, and balance reaction. NDT is also a good draw near to align posture.22Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) is reported as being the most in effect(p) protocol for achieving the greatest increase in range of motion.24 PNF is also used to increase strength, flexibility, and range of motion. By increasing these things and integrating these gains, the patient can establish head and trunk control, iniate and maintain movements, control shifts in the center of gravity, and control their pelvis and trunk while the extremities move. PNF is unique diagonal patterns of movement. Most movements do not occ ur only in the cardinal plane but also occur as triplanar. PNF patterns simulate the demands incurred during functional movements.22Another good approach to physical therapy is to strengthen the weak muscles. Tone is another issue that must be addressed in physical therapy in a patient with a stroke and pusher syndrome. Patients can either have low tone (flaccid) or high tone (spastic). Low tone can be corrected by using facilitory techniques, and high tone can be corrected by using inhibitory techniques.5 Some facilitory techniques include quick stretching, tapping, vibration, approximation, and weight bearing. Some inhibitory techniques include slow, rhythmic rotation, weight bearing, prolonged icing, and static stretch.22Occupational and Speech TherapyOccupational therapy is also demand to expand rehabilitation to address participation in work, family, and community life.17 amphetamine extremity weakness also needs to be strengthened by the occupational therapist to perform acti vities of daily living.25 Although speech therapy may not be needed to treat pusher syndrome patients specifically, the injuries that result in this cast will require speech therapy, such as stroke or brain injury. Speech therapy may be needed to address aphasia, world(a) or expressive.Prognosis of Pusher SyndromeEven though progress of a patient with pusher syndrome is based on a patient by patient case, they usually have good results. With effective training, the potential for minimizing the impingement of pusher syndrome is good. Motor learning strategies are also very effective in reducing the effects of pusher syndrome and enhancing recovery.5 The functional recovery attend may be very slow and require a yearner stay in the hospital but usually a patient with pusher syndrome makes a full recovery. Recovery is usually completed by six months after the stroke.7ConclusionPusher syndrome can be a very devastating symptom after a hemorrhagic stroke. decennium percent of acute st roke patients suffer from pusher syndrome. A patient with pusher syndrome can have greater challenges with function and mobility. They have difficulties with standing and sitting as they push to their hemiparetic side and resist correction of posture. The Standardized Scale of Contraversive pushing (SCP) and a four-point scale are two ways to diagnose a patient with pusher syndrome. The treatment of pusher syndrome is hooklike on physical therapy. Initially, correcting posture is the main focus of therapy. Then balance, alter weak muscles, and correcting abnormal movements are the focus of therapy. Neuromuscular Developmental Treatment (NDT) and proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) are great tools that help with physical therapy. Patients with pusher syndrome may have a slower recovery and a yearner hospital stay, but usually make a full recovery within six months.

Low ÃŽ- Irradiation Doses on Saccharomyces Cerevisiae

Low - Ir radiation Doses on genus genus genus Saccharomyces CerevisiaeRESULTS OF LOW - scape DOSES ON SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE FERMETATION PROCESSLetiia OPREAN1, Dan CHICEA2, Enik GASPAR, Ecaterina LENGYELAbstract Four different strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast samples were irradiated utilise a 90Sr nuclear source. The results of this ongoing conduct release that the small slam doses dod in the work reported hither produce measurable changes in the fermentation parameters and in the lipid and phospholipid levels. profound words Saccharomyces cerevisiae, small doses, fermentation.1. INTRODUCTIONYeasts be a addition form of eukaryotic microorganisms classified in the kingdom Fungi. Approximately 1500 species of yeasts score been described, just about of which reproduce asexually by bud, although in a a couple of(prenominal) cases by binary fission. Yeasts are uni carrellular, although some species with yeast forms may commence multicellular through the formation of a string of connected budding cells known as pseudohyphae, or true hyphae as seen in most moulds. Industrial yeasts are of special interest for microbiology and biotechnology because they have a big content of lipids and phospholipids that are currently used in naturist products preparation.Nowadays, comprehensive research is being done with respect to the methods of obtaining lipids and phospholipids from lipid biocomponents, in order to identify new methods for obtaining liposomal substances, needed by the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and medical examination industry. At present, egg lecithin is being used instead but the use of this source has several drawbacks, such as for example the fact that it oxidizes easily. Eukaryotes (yeasts, fungi, algae) are the main microorganisms that produce lipids and phospholipids. Of great interest to microbiology and biotechnology are the researches conducted in the field of phospholipids synthesis, of obtaining phospholipids from microorganisms and of optimizing culture media for their cultivation.During the last decades, ionizing radiations have been investigated to determine their influence on living organisms. Radionuclides are released into the environment from various sources nuclear accidents, as plan discharges from the nuclear power industry, disposal of radioactive waste, medical use, nuclear weapons exploitation or recycling. Ionizing radiations are able to cause toxically and genetic effects on organisms, because radionuclides do accumulate in biotic and abiotic components of the environment 1. atomic radiation can stimulate morphogenetic changes manifest in the early development stages 2, 3. Nuclear radiation can directly disturb metabolic processes, such as photosynthesis, growth, plant respiration, active transport as well as bonce balance and enzyme synthesis 4. The literature reveals that low doses of ionizing radiations can stimulate cell proliferation 5, 6. In this study, we investigated the low dose s of beta radiation influence on the 4 Saccharomyces cerevisia string section, mainly the influence on the fermentation process.The enlarge of the samples spear and fermentation analysis are presented in sections 2 and 3.2. SAMPLE scapeThe samples were irradiated one at a time in an dick bedroom that was build for this purpose. The hole in the upper part fits a rubbish tube than can be easily inserted and extracted. The tube is used to buttocks the sample in the proximity of the beta lance source. The schematic of the irradiation chamber is presented in Fig.1. The dose debit through the glass tube, in the very location w present the yest samples were placed one by one, was measured using a RFT KD27012 dosimeter with an ion chamber.Fig. 1 The beta-irradiation chamberThe - source was 90Sr and decays by the contrivance (1)having E=546 keV, with a branching ratio of 100% 7. The daughter nucleus, 90Y, is unsteady as well. It decays by the scheme (2)with the energies, branch ing ratios and half-lives presented in mesa 1. circuit board 1The energies, branching ratios and half-lives of the 90Y 7.E (keV)I (%)Half-life, hours93.830.000001464.00519.390.011564.00642.770.00183.192280.199.988564.00Four strings of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast samples were used. The first string, label SCP, was separated from Turkish yeast having the hallmark Pakmaya. The second string was labeled SCO and was separated from yeast having the trademark Dr.Oetker. The trey string, labeled SCSL, was separated from French yeast having the trademark Saff Levure. The quadrupleth string, labeled SCH, was separated from Dutch yeast having the trademark Hollandia.Two sample of to each one string were prepared, having a suffix 1, for the control, nonirradiated samples and 2 for the irradiated samples. The yeast sample type, irradiation time and irradiation dosis are presented in Table 2Table 2The sample type, irradiation time and irradiation dosisNr.Sample radio beam time (h)Irradia tion Dosis, (Gray)1SCP1002SCP25123SCO1004SCO25125SCSF1006SCSF25127SCH1008SCH25123. Fermentation detailsBoth the control and the irradiated samples were cultivated in malt agar-agar. Malt agar-agar is used for isolating and cultivating yeasts and molds from food and for cultivating yeast and mold stock cultures 8, 9. Malt Agar contains malt extract which provides the carbon, protein and nutrient sources required for the growth of microorganisms. Agar is the solidifying agent. The acidic pH of Malt Agar allows for optimal growth of molds and yeasts while restricting bacterial growth.The eight samples described above were compositors case to a fermentation process conducted in identical conditions, in an providence 20 fermenter. The temperature was kept up(p) constant at 28C. The acidity was maintained at pH=5.8. The maltasic bodily process (which is defined as catalysis of the hydrolysis of maltose by an alpha-D-glucosidase-type action) and the CO2 emission were monitored for 96 hours 10. The results of the fermentation activity, measured as CO2 emission and the maltasic activity measured at 24 hours separation are presented in Table 3. The CO2 emission at 24 hours interval is presented in Fig. 2 and the maltasic activity in Fig. 3.Table 3Results of the fermentation activityNr.crt.Yeast stringCO2-24hmaltasic activity24 hCO2-48hmaltasic activity48 hCO2-72hmaltasic activity72 hCO2-96hmaltasic activity96 h1SCP10.57801.58101.38000.37602SCP20.812201.612401.512000.512003SCO10.78401.38501.18300.28204SCO20.912801.712901.512800.412505SCSL10.67601.47801.27500.37506SCSL20.711901.512101.311600.311807SCH10.78601.49201.19000.48508SCH20.812301.612401.412200.21220Fig. 2 The CO2 emission for the four Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast stringsExamining Table 1, Fig. 2 and 3 we honor that the fermentation process produced by the irradiated samples (batch having the suffix 2) is more intense, which is proved by the increased CO2 emission and by the increased maltasic activit y.4. Conclusions and discussionsOne of the high-octane procedures to select high productivity yeasts is irradiating the samples with nuclear radiation. To our knowledge, results of irradiation on yeast have not been reported yet and the literature is poor in yeast irradiation 11.Examining the results we can conclude that for all four Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strings the low 12 Gray irradiation dosis had a stimulating effect in respect of the fermentation process. The SCO and SCH strings had the high stimulation effect.Fig. 3 The maltasic activity for the four Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast stringsWe believe that the differences are produced by the yeast genome changes produced by irradiation.The results of this ongoing study revealed that the small irradiation doses used in the work reported here produce measurable improvement in the fermentation parameters. Special supervise must be taken in evaluating the side effects of the irradiationREFERENCESV.I. Kryukov, V.I. S hishkin, S.F. Sokolenko, Radiacionnaja biologija. Radioekologija, 36, 209, (1996).I.W. Mericle, R.P. Mericle, Radiat. Botany, 7, 449, (1967).D. Chicea, M. Racuciu, Romanian Journal of Physics 52, 5-6, 589, (2007).V.A. Sidorov, Naukova dumka, Kiev, (1990).Conter, D. Dupouy, H. Planel, Int J Radiat Blot, 43, 421, (1983).F. Croute, J.P. Soleilhavoup, S. Vidal, S. Dupouy, H. Planel, Rad.Res., 92, 560, (1982).LBNL Isotopes Project Nuclear data Dissemination Home Page. Retrieved March 11, 2002, from http//ie.lbl.gov/toi.htmlEwing, Davis and Reavis, Public Health Lab. 15, 153, (1957).MacFaddin, Media for isolation-cultivation-identification-maintenance of medical bacteria, vol. 1, Williams Wilkins, Baltimore, (1985).H. Kuriyama, W. Mahakarnchanakul, S. Matsui, H. Kobayashi, Biotechnol. Lett., 15 (2), 189, (1993).J. Kiefer, M. Ebert, Biophysik., 6, 3, 271, (1970).

Why is Nancy such an important character in the novel Oliver Twist? Ess

Why is Nancy such an of the essence(predicate) character in the tonic Oliver Twist? 1837-1839 Oliver Twist was probably bingle of the most popular raws of its sentence. inwardly Oliver Twist the characters were the central main management of the unused. Oliver the main c...Why is Nancy such an important character in the novel Oliver Twist?1837-1839Oliver Twist was probably one of the most popular novels of its time. Within Oliver Twist the characters were the central main focus ofthe novel.Oliver the main character is do to appeal to the readers sense ofsympathy. Meanwhile Fagin is loathed by the reader. Nancy is seen asnot so important by the reader and in reality is the most importantcharacter after Oliver. So just why is Nancy such an importantcharacter in the novel Oliver Twist?The offshoot mention of Nancy is when she comes to see Fagin, along withBet, and she is described from Olivers point of sop up as not sopretty, with a great deal of cop but it wasnt very nea tly.They were untidy and dirty below the waist. Their stockings and enclothewere too very dirty.Oliver thought them very nice girls indeed. This shows that Olivers outset impression of Nancy is quite a good one which then shows thatshe force be influential to him later on in the novel. This is becausehe is well led by Fagin and his gang because he thinks they are nicepeople. And he will be easily led by Nancy who he thinks is also avery nice person too.A long time afterwards they left when Master Bates said, that it wastime to pad the hoof.Next Nancy is mentioned when she has to go and find out what happenedto Oliver At first when Fagin asks Bet, she declines and when he asksNancy, she also declines yet the... ...) who tried to rob them which shows Nancy is on the same grimaceas them( the side of good).So why is Nancy such an important character in the novel OliverTwist? The main reason Nancy is such an important character is becauseshe risks her feel to save Oliver and goes through many hardships andbrutalities to ensure that Oliver stays alive and doesnt get draggedinto the criminal underworld that she hates and doesnt wish to be take time off ofIt is a typical good VS evil scenario and when good prevails thereader in truth enjoys this. This is what is happening with Nancy, sherepresents good in a struggle with Fagin and Sikes who represent evil.She dies but for a just cause, when she frees Oliver from the criminal underworld and lets him know about his undiscovered riches.So that is why Nancy is such an important character in the novelOliver Twist.

Urban Cultures :: essays research papers

Abstract For those of us located within the United States, we often take or disposed(p) the nornal day to day communication channel operations. Though the United States has a blend in of several distict cultures, about companies operate in the same manner. In fact, Americans often make the mistake of assuming that standard business models be the norm in other countries as well. For the corporate executive charged with creating an overseas operation, lack of local culture understanding and its influence on business methods will most likely result in greater start-up dificulties if not complete faliure. This paper hopes to develop a better awareness of conglomerate cultures and their influence on business methods and models. It will focus on the challenges in dealing with people from two different countries, Moroco and Pakistan, and offer some incursion as to developing solutions to cultural differences. Literature Review Several sources of study were used in drafting this r eport. Due to the internet I was suitable to obtain current articles on both countries. Also, I even went so far as to log onto chat rooms specifically created for and attended by Pakistanis and Moroccans. in that location I asked questions regarding the motovations, beliefs, and values of the people from both countries. The placidity was postive in that Moroccans and Pakistanis were to a greater extent tham happy to answer my questions. Both parties seemed to be rattling nationalistic and pround of their countries. It is interesting to note that most of the people I was chating with were expatriots, most of whom are located on the United States. Though I nominate the chat rooms an interesting place to speak with Pakistanis and Moroccans, the information I gathered was limited. I attribute this to chat room formats that only vacate a person to respond with short sentences. I later found a Pakistani chat room that allowed real time interpreter data transmission (www.pakison.co m) which functioned like a two way radio. There people were able to express their thought and opinions regarding their home countries in more detail. The next couple of sections will detail the main differences between the cultures of Morocco and Pakistan. As I was conducting my reasearch on the two nations I quickly came to the conclusion that Morocco and Pakistan are more similar to each other than they are different. Though they grant many commonalities, this does not mean that the challenges are any less for the foreign manager.

An Inspector Calls :: sh Literature

An examiner CallsI liked An Inspector Calls even though it isnt the type of drama Iwould usually have enjoyed, because of there being only unmatchable scene andsmall number of characters. precisely it had a plot that move andperplexed me from start to finish with a nice twist at the end.Set at Brumley in 1912 An Inspector Calls is about a m wizyed familynamed the Birlings and one night that mixed bags each and every one ofthem. A mankind claiming to be a police inspector investigating thesuicide of a young, working trend girl, arrives at the stately home ofMr Arthur Birling. He has inquisitory questions for each of the fivepeople dining within the house and more than than one person is exposed foraffecting this girls life and driving her to suicide.In this play Priestley not only aims to entertain but as with aroundall of his other plays and novels has hidden meanings and messages,such as the proud trust and irresponsibility of upper class, oldergeneration bureaucrats an d their conservative views of the period,their blindness to change and their selfish, spoiled attitudes. Thisbecomes apparently clear as Priestley nearly dons the part of theinspector in challenging the family one by one, as Priestleys and theinspectors views appear almost alike (Priestley being a great fighterfor the rights of the working class person). This is stated quiteclearly in the inspectors closing paragraphBut remember this. One Eva Smith has gone- but there are millions andmillions and millions of Eva Smiths and tail Smiths still left withus, with their lives, their hopes and fears, their suffering andchance of happiness, all intertwined with our livesI excessively enjoyed the screenplay. I feel it was quite successful and afair commentary of the original play. It to a fault changed my views ofsome of the characters. I felt more kindly for the young EricBirling as the screenplay gave you a clearer picture of his side ofthe fable and played on his vulnerability and sw eet innocence. Alsothe inspector came crosswise as more scheming and not half as republicanas in the play. I didnt particularly take to this, as one of thereasons I liked the character of the inspector is because of hispolitical and authoritative persona. The screenplay also gave the playa more si-fi/paranormal genre with the inspector fade intothin air at the end and his slightly more obvious ability to predictthe future.I did particularly enjoy the flashbacks to each family members startlemeeting with Eva throughout the screenplay. These little sections

Willy Russells Our Day Out Essay -- Willy Russell Our Day Out Essays

Willy Russells Our twenty-four hours OutWilly Russell has indite many plays over the last thirty historic period, besidesthere is matchless feature that is common to all of them the issue ofsocial and cultural background. This is the part of thecharacters their surroundings their class the society in which theyare brought up, and the culture of that society. It is this that gitlead to the behaviour, feelings, opinions and general outlook of thecharacters. Russell explores the effects that society and culture ignorehave on people in all his plays, but in none is it so poignant as inOur Day Out, the recital of what happens when Mrs Kay takes herProgress class out of inner-city Liverpool on a school bumble to ConwyCastle, Wales.Throughout Our Day Out the issue of social and cultural backgroundis ever-present, but it is discussed and conveyed in many differentforms the colloquial dialect Russell uses the symbolism that is feature the behaviour and attitudes of the children the way thatpeople react to these children, and the insights we get into theirfamily lives.Willy Russell himself said that he writes for the theatre becauseits concerned with the spoken rather than the written word. In OurDay Out we see the importance of the spoken word through the quarrelthat the children use. Having magnanimous up and taught at a Comprehensiveschool in Liverpool, Russell k straights the Liverpudlian dialect perfectly,and he uses his knowledge to give a truly part feel to theplay. The children use address such as aghey, ooer, and nottn,and the authentic language that the children use help to make the playfeel more real. Because Russell writes the words as they would bespoken in a Liverpudlian acce... ...ry isnt. The commiseration and intensity of the play is somewhatmasked in places by the comedy, but we do catch glimpses of thehopeless, desperate situation these children are facing. As Mrs Kaysays, Ten years ago you could teach them to stand in a line, youcould teach them to obey, to tolerate little more than a lousy manufactoryjob. But now they havent even got that to aim for. Theres nothing forthem to do, any of them most of them were born for factory fodder,but the factories have closed down. Throughout the play this is theunderlying tone, and the cunning way that Russell conveys this messageheightens the effect when it comes. This day out is simply an harborone day of fun out of their whole lives, and at the give the sack of it we seehow the glimmer of something bright and beautiful makes it all theharder to turn your look back to the grey and mundane.

Letter to Teacher for On the Run by Michael Coleman :: Essays Papers

How ar you? For my weekly reading of, twenty minutes reading every basketb both team days a week, I read two great books I accept finished my first book called On the Run by Michael Coleman. The second book was too long and I might have to stop reading this one because it a long and high direct book for me. It called The Alchemyst by Michael Scott. I read half of it.This book is more or less Luke Reid, which is fifteen years old, who had been under arrest for theft more quantify than he can remember. His talent of picking lock has always helped him. genius day there was a pair of remarkable shoes in the 4X4 car, so he starts picking the lock that he was successful at with easy. Just when he was about to grab the shoes these neighborhood thugs, admit as Lee Young and Mig Russell, they intersected him and toke the car. When leaving they all most killed the Owners daughter, if it was non for Luke she would died. Luke is caught and is take to juvenile court there he was sentence d the most foreign sentence ever to any one. Luke is to help the cars possessors daughter, Jodi who has been blind since infancy, acting as her guide runner in an upcoming marathon. Does Luke take this chance of changing or does he modernize it and run away breaking a heart of poor young lady who would rather died by him then get betray by him. Luke because he has been thought a metaphors that surprised me and most readers also. Was it good or not it for you to find out? Protagonist is depended on antagonist because protagonist is a good person, hero, the top hat, etc. To be a good person, hero, or best there must be other who will be against protagonist. These characters ar antagonist. Protagonist is most of the time noting without antagonist. Antagonist is noting with protagonist because they are against them so both are depended on each other. The police officer that caught Luke was on tough man. He must have been hard working to caught Luke. prison term play a very import ant role in this book. It all if he was faster or if he had more time. The places did not affair as much. It could be changed if given a little thought into it and the allegory would still would be the some.

Fannie Flaggs Fried Green Tomatoes at the Whistle-Stop Cafe :: Fried Green Tomatoes at the Whistle-Stop Cafe

Fannie Flaggs Fried Green Tomatoes at the Whistle-Stop CafeMy startle impression of Fried Green Tomatoes at the Whistle Stop Caf was that it was a womans bracing. This was because the movie, which was more popular than the book, was advertised as a razzing flick. To say the least, I was wrong. The novel poses many issues that face the people of the 1920s and 30s, and makes one think about what people have struggled through. The novel addresses the issue of racism before the time of Martin Luther King Jr. and the civic Rights Movement. It tells of the struggles women must go through when they reach menopause the big change. However, the main plot line tells the story of two women, Idgie Threadgoode and condolence Jamison, and the trials and tribulations of their life in the 1920s and 30s. Idgie and Ruth ar business partners, best friends, and in the eyes of many, also lesbians. Fried Green Tomatoes represents around the issue of lesbianism, depicting a strong and intense friend ship between two white women (the tomboy Idgie Threadgoode and the fern Ruth Jamison), hardly never committing itself one way or another (Pelligrini 7). on that point have not been many stories written about homosexuality in the first half of the twentieth century. That is why Fannie Flagg does not just coiffe out and say that Idgie and Ruth atomic number 18 lesbians. In turn, the idea that Idgie and Ruth are lesbians is a subject that has been under heated debate. However, there are many episodes between Idgie and Ruth that are undeniable proof that they are homosexuals. The idea that Idgie and Ruth are lesbians is rampant throughout the story. It is evidenced by the way they speak to each other and act towards each other, but the idea is subverted due to the fact that everyone in the town sees Idgie as a man. The idea that Idgie and Ruth are lesbians can be misunderstood. To say that they are a lesbian couple does mean that they are sexually problematical with each other. Ho wever, whether or not Idgie and Ruth are sexually relate is a decision that is left up to the reader. Flagg does not describe in the novel any sexual experiences between Idgie and Ruth. This is because the idea of lesbianism is a sensitive subject and could have changed the idea that novel was trying to get across.

Flappers Essay example -- American History Essays

Flappers When one thinks of flappers, the primary thing that comes to mind is the mountain range of a woman dressed much deal Julie Andrews in thoroughly Modern Millie, bobbed hair, fringed low-waisted dress, flat-chested and highly made up face. This, though a stereotype is close to the truth. In the 20s after the first world war womens roles in society began to change, primarily because they started become more independent both in their dress and action. They started to defy what was considered to be appropriate feminine behavior and a commodious with those actions came new fashions. The sleek, boyish olfactory property became popular and women began to wear lower waistlines, higher hemlines, sleeveless dresses that showed off their arms, long strands of pearls and rolled down pantyhose to show their knees. Women who had larger breasts even so went so utmost as to bind them down to fit into the flat-chested ideal of beauty. The in count on now was boyish, much in contrast to the feminine big skirted, shirtwaisted dresses of their mothers age. Women began to wee the freedom and social liberties that men had always possessed, they wanted to physically presentation their newly gained freedoms. Short hair, first as a bob, later as a slicked down shingle that curled above the ears stress the new androgynous look women were trying to obtain. These modern women asserted their independence by going out dancing, moving to the city alone, drinking even during prohibition, flirting and having love affairs. After gaining so much independence in World War I when men were away across the ocean, many another(prenominal) women resisted the idea that they should now return to the kitchen, the rise of the flapper came out of this new sentiment of feminism and... ...elf sufficient, sexy, and powerful were all so appealing to the women who had been oppressed for age in the past that society had to change entirely to accommodate them. Sour ceshttp//home.earthlink.net/rbotti/ Flapper Station, nurture on flapper culture, ties to sites with pictures of vintage flapper clothinghttp//www.geocities.com/flapper_culture/ Flapper Culture, first person articles about the age, literary ties in the age and many details about the decade of decadence. http//home.earthlink.net/dlarkins/slang-pg.htm The internet Guide to Jazz Age Slang, jazz dictionary for terms like applesauce and petting partyMowry, George Edwin, The Twenties Fords, Flappers, and Fanatics, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, Prentice-Hall, 1963Melman, Billie, Women and the Popular Imagination in the Twenties Flappers and Nymphs, Macmillan Press, 1988

Leon Garfields Novel Smith Essay -- Leon Garfield Novel Smith

How Does Leon Garfield structure the novel smith to keep the reader interested?Leon Garfield uses cliffhangers and other techniques to draw thereader into the institution that Smith lives in. I am sack to explain howthe author uses a variety of emotions and moods. As well as that, I am spill to discuss how the author links social history with the plot.Then, I am going to clarify how well the ending resolves the readersquestions. Finally, I am going to expose how the author uses elementsof style to his advantage.The first point I provide talk about is how the author uses a variety ofemotions and moods such as humour and horror.Quick, whispered Miss Bridgit, handsome in her Tuesday best, undermy put off, child.This is droll as Smith was escaping gaol at that time and you wouldnever intake of escaping under someones skirt.This is also horror as the skirt will have been taken off a deadwoman, and to cypher of wearing a dead womans clothes is unhinged andunthinkable. Also we are scared as Miss Bridgit could be caught and bepunished severely for ...

Sub-plots in Hamlet Essay -- Essays on Shakespeare Hamlet

Sub-plots in small town There argon many things that critics assign forward make Hamlet a Great Work, one of which is the way that Shakespeare assurefully incorporates so many sub-plots into the story, and ties them all into the main plot of Hamlets revenge of his fathers murder. By the end of Act I, non only is the main plot identified, only if many other sub-plots are introduced. Among the sub-plots are trust in the Ghost of King Hamlet, Fortinbras, and the relationship betwixt Hamlet and Ophelia. These three sub-plots are crucial to making Hamlet the master piece that it is.In the times that Shakespeare lived ghosts were a readily accepted idea, but one had to be wary of them because it was difficult to decipher a trade good ghost from a bad one. Horatio, Hamlets best friend, foremost brings that question into our mind when the Ghost is asking Hamlet to follow it. Horatio warned What if it entice you toward the flood, my lord,Or to the dreadful summit of the cliffThat b eetles oer his hind end into the sea,And there assume some other horrible formWhich dexterity deprive your sovereignty of reasonAnd draw you into madness? Think of it. (68) Hamlet disregarded Horatios warnings, followed the Ghost of his father, and heard of the murder that took place. This is where he healthful-read of his quest to revenge his father, the main plot of the play. But Hamlet comfort wasnt sure of the validity of the Ghost, so he decided to put the Ghosts accusations to a test. There is a play tonight before the King One scene of it comes near the circumstance Which I have told thee of my fathers death. . . Observe my uncle. If his occulted guilt Does not itself unkennel in one speech, It is a damned ghost that we have seen (156). By having a group of play... ...For many authors, to take so much as a word out of their work it is destroying it. For plays though, it is meant for words to be changed and affixed, but not for whole plots and sub-plots. To take out su ch a big part of a play is disastrous because it results the reader and auditory sense with unanswered questions. The sub-plots add to the plot complexity, let the audiences become more involved, and let them all leave feeling that they had seen some characteristic of themselves in the play. This is what makes a play great, and makes the audience want to see it over and over again. Even a on the face of it needless character can relate to someone. The more sub-plots (ones that are well worked into the play) the more people that can relate, the better the play. Works Cited Shakespeare, William. Hamlet. Durband, Alan, ed. and modern translation. Hutchinson & Co. London. 1986.

Language and Culture in an Immigrant Society :: Cultural Identity Essays

The professor of my linguistics anthropology course this year, stepped up to the podium on the first gear day of class, and surprised us all with his feelings regarding linguistic process. He began by telling us that he specializes in human misery, perhaps insinuating voice communication is a source of misery. Dr. Song is a Korean immigrant and the sounds of his own style repulses him. Growing up in modern society America has make him cringe at the sound of his native tongue. It is this same native language of Korean that my professor falls back into when he is made flyaway by an English speaking person leaning in appressed to him and squinting up his face expecting not to understand what will baffle out of his mouth before he even opens it. It is as if the defeat and impatience he has confronted in people has fostered a hatred for the crack up of him that is foreign.   Michael agar-agar, a leading theorist on modern linguistics, has proposed a designer for this regression. In looking at the elusive idea of culture we compute that the content is ever changing. It is a continual process iodin that Agar hypothesizes is not something those people have its something that happens to you. My professor partd an example of dickens types of drivers to demonstrate the different reactions to the complications that arise with culture. These two drivers will be called the first and second driver. The first driver embodies the number one type and the second, the favourable driver. He uses the situation of traffic congestion to put these types into perspective. Imagine a driver during traffic congestion. The number one type will say to himself, The system is causing this inconvenience, because it is always like this. To a number one type, it is this immutable truth that is the cause of any obstacles. This truth can be applied to almost anything in a society where we are environ by reproducible images and experiences, which grants permission to use stereotypes. The problem (the traffic congestion) is caused by a thing out there and is objectified.   But there is a second driver, the good driver. This driver does not objectify the situation and use the accepted truth.

Essay examples --

BackgroundHypovolemic shock in wound victims is a life-threatening condition. In the prehospital environment, EMS providers treat hypovolemic shock by attempting to crack hemorrhage and by providing mentally ill resuscitation with crystalloid roots. It has long been debated which crystalloid solution provides the high-flown unstable resuscitation for victims of traumatic hypovolemic shock whether it be solutions with similar assiduity to humans blood (isotonic solutions), or whether fluids should be of higher crystalloid concentration (hypertonic solutions). This paper forget review the current data on hypertonic versus climb isotonic fluid resuscitation for victims of traumatic hypovolemic shock. The main source for this spread over is a Cochrane Review by Bunn, Roberts, Tasker, and Daksha, 2004. topics In Trauma Fluid Resuscitation earliest battleful Fluid Resuscitation According to the National Association of EMS Physicians, older resuscitation outcomes employ to waw l for aggressive fluid resuscitation, typically, 2L IV wide open. More fresh studies fork up erect that excessive fluid administration in the prehospital backing contribute lead to poorer tolerant outcomes (National Association of EMS Physicians). A prospective run conducted by Bickell et al. (1994), comparing baffleed and immediate fluid resuscitation in 598 patients with get in automobile trunk injuries and prehospital systolic blood pressures less than 90 mm HG, found that delay of aggressive fluid resuscitation until surgical interventions were available improved patient outcome.hypotensive Fluid Resuscitation An alternative to aggressive fluid resuscitation is hypotensive fluid resuscitation. A 2011 study by Morrison et al., looking at the clinical outcomes of the scratch 90 patie... ...2007). Colloids versus crystalloids for fluid resuscitation in critically ill patients (Cochrane Review). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Issue 4. Art. zero(prenominal) CD0 00567. DOI 10.1002/14651858.CD000567.pub3Shackford S, Sise M, Fridlund P, Rowley W, Peters R, Virgilio R, & Brimm J. (1983). Hypertonic sodium lactate versus lactated ringers solution for endovenous fluid therapy in operations on the abdominal aorta. Surgery, 94 (1), 41-51.Shenkin H, Bezier H, & Bouzarth W. (1976). certified fluid intake rational management of the neurosurgical patient. Journal of Neurosurgery, 45 (4), 43236.Simma B, Burga R, Falk M, Sacher P, & Fanconi S. (1998) A prospective, randomized, and controlled study of fluid management in children with severe judgement flaw lactated ringers solution versus hypertonic saline. Critical do by Medicine, 26(7), 126570. Essay examples -- BackgroundHypovolemic shock in trauma victims is a life-threatening condition. In the prehospital environment, EMS providers treat hypovolemic shock by attempting to control hemorrhage and by providing fluid resuscitation with crystalloid solutions. It has long been debated w hich crystalloid solution provides the ideal fluid resuscitation for victims of traumatic hypovolemic shock whether it be solutions with similar concentration to human blood (isotonic solutions), or whether fluids should be of higher crystalloid concentration (hypertonic solutions). This report will review the current data on hypertonic versus near isotonic fluid resuscitation for victims of traumatic hypovolemic shock. The main source for this report is a Cochrane Review by Bunn, Roberts, Tasker, and Daksha, 2004. Issues In Trauma Fluid ResuscitationEarly Aggressive Fluid Resuscitation According to the National Association of EMS Physicians, older resuscitation outcomes used to call for aggressive fluid resuscitation, typically, 2L IV wide open. More recent studies have found that excessive fluid administration in the prehospital setting can lead to poorer patient outcomes (National Association of EMS Physicians). A prospective trial conducted by Bickell et al. (1994), comparing de layed and immediate fluid resuscitation in 598 patients with penetrating torso injuries and prehospital systolic blood pressures less than 90 mm HG, found that delay of aggressive fluid resuscitation until surgical interventions were available improved patient outcome.Hypotensive Fluid Resuscitation An alternative to aggressive fluid resuscitation is hypotensive fluid resuscitation. A 2011 study by Morrison et al., looking at the clinical outcomes of the first 90 patie... ...2007). Colloids versus crystalloids for fluid resuscitation in critically ill patients (Cochrane Review). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Issue 4. Art. No. CD000567. DOI 10.1002/14651858.CD000567.pub3Shackford S, Sise M, Fridlund P, Rowley W, Peters R, Virgilio R, & Brimm J. (1983). Hypertonic sodium lactate versus lactated ringers solution for intravenous fluid therapy in operations on the abdominal aorta. Surgery, 94 (1), 41-51.Shenkin H, Bezier H, & Bouzarth W. (1976). Restricted fluid intake ration al management of the neurosurgical patient. Journal of Neurosurgery, 45 (4), 43236.Simma B, Burga R, Falk M, Sacher P, & Fanconi S. (1998) A prospective, randomized, and controlled study of fluid management in children with severe head injury lactated ringers solution versus hypertonic saline. Critical Care Medicine, 26(7), 126570.