Properties of Prunus Persica Linn

Properties of genus genus genus Prunus Persica LinnReview on Phytochemical and Pharmacological Properties of Prunus persica Linn.Monika Rana *1, Deepak Kashyap2, Atul Kabra3ABSTRACTPrunus persica Linn. Batsch (Family Rosaceae), commonly known as Peach corner in English and Aru in Hindi, is native to Persia, China and excessively distributed in Australia, India and USA. traditionalisticly, the determine utilize in the preaching of constipation, laryngitis, menostasis, dermopathy and contusion. The major phytoconstituents reported in the plant include amygdalin, prunasin, persicaside, -sitosterol, quercetin etc. Pharmacological studies reported in this plant are antiallergic, anti-inflammatory, antiphotoaging, anti tumour and spasmogenic effects. This review provides valuable information on phytochemical, pharmacological and tralatitious properties of the Prunus persica which will help the researcher for further studies.Keywords Prunus persica Linn. phytochemical pharmacologic al amygdalin.INTRODUCTIONAccording to the World health boldness, more than 80% of the worlds population mostly in poor and less highly-developed countries depend on plant-based medicines for their primary health care needs.1 About 35,000 plant species are being used in various human cultures around the world for medicinal purposes.2 About 170 active compounds soon isolated from higher plants are widely used in modern medicine. Even today, approximately 80 % of much(prenominal) compounds depict a positive correlation between their modern therapeutic use and the handed-down use of the plants from which they are derived. At least 7,000 medicinal compounds in the modern pharmacopoeia are derived from plants.3,4Prunus persica Linn. Batsch (Family Rosaceae), commonly known as Peach tree in English and Aru in Hindi, is native to Persia, China and withal distributed in Australia and USA. In India, it is cultivated only in the Himachal Pradesh, Kashmir and Uttar Pradesh.5-7 Traditional ly, the plant used in the interference of constipation, laryngitis, menostasis, dermopathy and contusion.8SynonymnsP. persica Linn. is also known by other names i.e. Pygeum persica Linn., Amygdalus persica Linn.5Vernacular NamesP. persica Linn. has various vernacular names6,8,10 as mentioned in Table 1.Table 1. Various vernacular names of Prunus persica Linn.BOTANICAL DESCRIPTIONThe palaver is a small, deciduous and glabrous tree which grows upto 6m in height (Figure 1). The leaves of the plant are simple, alternate, long-lanceolate, serrulate, 8-15 cm long, 15-35 mm wide, petioles 1-1.5 cm, with glands and small stipules. The flowers of the peach are 1-2 cm in diameter, bisexual, pink, sepals pubescent on exterior, sepals and petals 5, stamens many, inserted with the petals on the calyx tube, pistil1, with 2 ovules. The growth of the plant is 1-5 cm in diameter, tomentulose, drupe, with a fleshy outer layer surrounding a intemperate stone containing the seed, the stone deeply s culptured in the month of April- May. The fruit is matured in the mollify of August- September.8 Figure 1 Plant of Prunus persica Figure 2 Fruit of Prunus persicaGeographical disseminationPrunus persica is native to China and Persia. This plant is also cultivated in USA, New Zealand, Australia and Temperate Asia. In India, it is cultivated in Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Utttar Pradesh, and to a limited extend in Nilgiris. The plant is also distributed in the Pakistan, lacquer and in the Deccan Region.5-7Ethnomedicinal UseThe leaves of the plant are used as anthelmintic, insecticidal, laxative, sedative and vermicidal and also in the treatment of piles, leucoderma, and whooping cough. The fruit is used as an aperients, aphrodisiac, antipyretic, antiscorbtic, brain tonic, demulcent, mouth freshener, stomachic and useful in thirst, biliousness and kapha. 5,6,10 The vegetable oil from the seeds is abortifacient, good in piles, deafness, earache, stomach troubles of children.10 The fl owers are used as an anthelmintic and purgative.7CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTSPrunus persica Linn. contains toxic glycosides, namely, amygdalin and prunasin11,12 as the major constituents isolated from the seeds along with the glycerides,13,14, sterols15 and emulsin16. Rho et al. (2007) reported a new alkaloidal compound, persicaside, isolated from wood alcohol soluble educe of the seed.17 The stem bark of the plant contains 6-hydroxy 4-methoxy 2-O--D-glucopyranoside, Crysophenol 8-O--D-glactopyranoside, -sitosterol and Quercetin18. The leaves of the plant contains the caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, p-coumaric acid, kaempferol, quercetin, quercetin-3-glycoside, quercetin-3-rhamnoside, quinic acid, tannin, urosolic acid and zeaxanthin19. The essential oil from the plant contains the 130 compounds, the most important of which are benzaldehyde, limonene, 1-methylethylhydrazine, 4-ethenyl-1,4-dimethyl cyclohexene and 3-carene.21 Fixed oil, called persic oil extracted from the seeds contains -sitosterol, and squalene Figure 2.7 Figure 2. Various chemical constituents deport in Prunus persica Linn.Traditional UsesAbout teaspoon of young leaves, pounded and blend with water, is given twice quotidian after meal in dysentery. The leaves warmed over fire are rubbed against insect bite and anguish in eyes. The pounded young leaves are apply on wounds for killing the wound worms in case of animals such as cow and mithun.21 The paste of the plant along the table salt and water is applied on affected skin twice a day to kill germs in wounds and fungal infection.22 The powdered seeds is mixed with water and usually applied on hands as vulnerary during winters.23 The fruits of the peach is used in the treatment of damaged hair.24Therapeutic usesThe plant is used to remove maggots from wounds and also used as demulcent and lubricant.25,7 low-down leaves are used to stain palms and feet, in wound healing, burning sensation, colouring palms and feet.26 The oil extracted from s eeds is applied externally for massaging in rheumatism.27Veterinary usesThe plant leaves are used as a anthelmintic in traditional veterinary practices for the treatment of helminthosis in animals.28,29Non-medicinal UsesThe fruits of the plant are edible, leaves serve as fodder and stem as firewood.23 Root bark is used as a dye.30PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIESAnti-inflammatory employmentPrunus persica Linn. have anti-inflammatory activitiy against rat osteoblast sarcoma cells whereas in carregenan induced paw edema it showed anti-inflammatory activity at a dose of 250 mg/kg. .17,18,31Antiallergic activityThe ethanolic extract of the plant inhibits mast cell-mediated allergic inflammatory reaction by pull wiresling calcium influx and NF-jB signaling.32Antiphotoaging effectThe plant possesses the anti-photoaging effect which was assessed by DPPH, Western blot and atavism transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction analysis. A compound named 2-methoxy-5-(2-methyl propyl) pryazine isolated from the peach was responsible for this activity.33Antitumor activityThe cyanogenic glycosides, amygdalin and prunasin, isolated from Prunus persica seeds, significantly inhibited the Epstein-Barr virus early antigen activation induced by tumor promoter and showed anti-tumor activity.12Protection against skin carcinogenesisThe Ku-35 extract of the plant showed protection against UV-induced DNA damage and carcinogenesis when applied topically.34Protection against UV-induced skin damageThe protective effects of the flower extract of the plant (KU-35) were evaluated against solar ultraviolet light radiation (UV)-induced skin damage using in vivo models of UVB-induced erythema in guinea pigs and ear edema in ICR mice. 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