Professional Beggar Problem Essay

IntroductionPolice in Shanghai published a list of pauperises who shit been caught most often on metro trains bothwhere the past four age on 21 August 2012, sparkingdebates much(prenominal) or less the difficulty of professed(prenominal) pinkgars. The scorekeeper, who has been caught 308 times, is 22-year- old(a) young man from Anhui province in gross(a) wellness, following by an 88-year-old woman with a record of 292 times1. Of the various line of pees which our democracy faces today, the paradox of mendi dopecy is adept of the most acute unmatchables. Every unrivalled of us has seen numerous kinds of refuses. Some ar blind, lame or crippled, and so bring in to beg. Child and orphan refuses too be very common. However, differents, who atomic number 18 physically sound before they join the plead course be sides under make water is as their profession, for it enables them to earn their living easily. The causes of beg atomic number 18 many, and they atomic number 18 very similar between inland china resists and those in serveer(a) developing countries (e.g. India, Pakistan etc.)2. First of all, roughly muckle, mostly the elder and the very young, are physically incapable of doing any work and incur no an otherwise(prenominal) skills.The notwithstanding way of nettleting food open to them is beg. They also deserve the sympathy of others. Secondly, some multitude remove to begging due to inwrought disasters. Thirdly, some criminals when they come out of jails are not treated sympathetically by fellowship. They are not grantn any chance to scrape their sapidity afresh. Becoming a mendicant is the only way to come up a value. On the other hand, mostly in the sorry cities, some people, who do not suffer from poverty and handicap, see the trade of begging flourishing and beggars earning their livelihood in a very easy way, they honest enter the profession. In rule to earn more than sympathy, they broke th eir take in legs or putrefied their own skin or even worse, some kidnapped other peoples children and handicapped them. There are also contraband organizations which train children in the art of begging. One end argue that amiss(p) social rehabilitation and salvage mechanism may cause the paradox in the above paragraph. But the truth is the mature Homeless shelter & service Station system in Chinas big cities leaves little room for criticism.We not only provide food, water and shelter in these aid stations, we also provide line of work consultancy service for the health ones and train tickets to ventilate them home. So, what is the motive of these people (some even with a college degree) to baffle pilot beggars? Let us match the following devil income poe travail first. The average monthly income of a middle- take aim manager in capital of Red China is around US$1440 ($65 nonchalant) before tax the average daily income of a skipper beggar who work on metro trains in Shanghai is US$130, and tax-free.To top it all, on 13 November 2012, a antheral beggar carrying a kid was spotted getting on his Audi A6 sedan chair afterward work in Qingdao city, east Chinas Shandong province.3 These overlord beggars also refuse any kind of servicing from the social and mystic charity groups. In Chinas big cities, the master beggars expect to live a better life than ordinary working layer people. Based on the evidence and arguments above, we forget presently use the way model to find out the truth beneath the bother and sift to find a way (or several(prenominal)) to tackle this conundrum. wherefore does the problem of headmaster beggars so severe in Chinas big cities? What is the motivating under the accusationer choosing? Can we answer them to establish a counteract value of wealth?1. PATH-Problem Identifying and defining the problemAccording to Buunk and Van Vugt (2008)s PATH protocol in order to fully understand the group of the problem, we need to diagnose it with brainstorming and various background data. For the professional beggar problem specifically, here is what we need to know a. What is the central problem that require to be understood and addressed? Unlike real beggars who are unable(p) to support themselves, professional beggars take begging as a gainful race. Their willingness to beg is the key problem lying behind the social phenomenon. (Hong Ying, Li 2000) Many news reports4 and social policy articles (Zhi. Li 2006, Chao Li 2005, Jiaqing Zou 2003 etc) take hold pointed out that the low sense of dignity versus the gamey income the beggars get may be one of the core surfaces needed to be tackled in the problem.We also consider this as our central problem in our PATH model. b. Why is a particular issue perceived as a problem in the first place? The beggars item-by-itemized unwillingness to change their career path is not only the core issue in the begging problem, it is also the root of several other detrimental social problems which well flesh out later in the paragraph. If we usher outnot change their value, any aid and booster from other people and the government will in conclusion end in vein. As we posted in the introduction part, even though the Homeless protect & Aid station mechanism is quite mature (Liulu Zhang 2009) in Chinas big cities, the professional beggars still wint drive these help. c. For whom is it a problem?We found out besides that the reinforced connection which will be indirectly affected by this problem in that location are three types of people/organizations that suffer directly from it. First, are the beggars themselves. Since they mother chosen that as their career, they lost chances to be employed as regular workers with sufficient welfare benefit and medical insurance. In china, the composition of the professional beggars is mostly the directionless population, meaning they lowlifenot get the citizenship in the cities they beg and their original places will terminate their pension supply or even their ID after certain years. Second, are the beggars families. Their begging behavior humiliates the whole families, even the whole village, sometimes. On practical level, since they may lose their ID after several years begging career in big citers, their children will miss the genteelness opportunity due to black hukou (residence registration). Third, the governments of big cities are victims, too.not only because the professional beggar damaged the city image and hazardousd ordinary resources, but they also rose the abhorrence rate especially in child-kidnapping and street violence. (Xiangyu Chen, Na Li. 2011) d. What causes the problem and how do these causes affect the problem? On the larger graduated table, the mammonism ( bullion worship) of the whole coun evictvass is the culprit. Just as the ancient Chinese saying goes prostitution is better than poverty became the firm belief of the professional b eggars (Daming Zhu, 2010). They witnessed the gap of wealth when they arrived at the big cities, in order to rarefy the relative deprivation, they might live tried several job and and wherefore found that begging is the easiest way, which leading to another cause. That is the laziness rooted in them. Why is that the case? In most small town peoples child memories, big cities were heavenly places filled with gold. They were never aware(p) of our hard-working principles.From generations to generations, they enjoy their lay-back lifestyle and envy others wealth in the mean time. They middling butt jointnot get the simple logic of the positive relation between up-and-coming and wealth-gaining. However, we cannot simply blame this wrong idea to the professional beggars only their family didactics and grow-up surroundings have a lot to do with. As the floating population, many migrant workers choose to leave their young offspring with their old parent. The lack of parent-child i nteraction unfortunately causes the apathy among family members. That is wherefore when some professional beggars were interviewed they said they feel abandoned by the family so there is no need to feel shame in their career. e.who should be convinced of the problem?Besides the professional beggars, their families and the city government we mentioned above. The citizens and the workers of the Homeless Shelter & Aid Stations are also need to be convinced of the problem. They should dramatis personae the idea that their sympathy and help to the professional beggars are encouraging postures, which, in the long run, will deepen the problem. f. Whose cooperation is necessary to help solve the problem? The professional beggars themselves, their families, the workers of the aid stations, citizens with superfluous sympathy as well as the city governments. g. Can a social psychological discourse be helpful to tackle the problem at hand? Absolutely.As mentioned in previous paragraphs, the existing regulations and the help mechanisms do not work in a sufficient way. According to the law, begging is not a crime thus so as to respect their human rights the enforcing authority can only send them to the aid station. However, they will come back to quest after their begging career in big cities after the aid workers send them home again and again. Embracing a social psychological intervention will help us to figure out a resolution that may tackle the core of the problem (i.e. the beggars willingness to give up begging voluntarily). By applying this, we aim to shift their begging behavior by dint of rectifying their status and cognition towards wealth gaining.The outcome of the problem definitionMost of the professional beggars are healthy people or the self-importance-mutilated ones who choose to be beggars. Their willingness to beg is solely based on the twisted wealthy-oriented value. (problem) Why do these self supportable people (target population) beg rather than work (behaviours) and what can we do to change their mind and live a normal life? (solution)2. PATH- outline Formulating get concepts and developing achievableness based explanations 2.1 The outcome varyings In the previous problem-definition chapter we named several variables that influence the behavior of the professional beggars. In this paragraph, were going into stage to put these variables into three categories predisposing factors, reinforcing factors and enabling factors. On the larger scale, the predisposing factors the general money worship mood of the society drive these professional beggars to choose begging as a career path. Besides that, other citizens reason the problem as separate from their own they have no incentive to care or to help the government solving the issue.On the personal scale of the beggars, the gap of wealth they witnessed is one of the substantialest drivers for begging behavior. The family impel can be considered as the main reinforcing fac tor that influences the begging behavior which has a strong encourage effect. For the beggars themselves, the substitutability of their previous normal jobs will enhance their protraction of begging. Although, tremendous effort has been put into the social aid system, there is endlessly some room to remedy. If a social psychology perspective help can be added in the system, which will sure be more helpful than mere literal and advising aid.2.2 Brainstorming Explaining willingness to live a self-support life For the professional beggars themselves, no trust in the welfare system, lack of work motive and the easy money/ quick money that they can take in through begging largely weaken the desire to give up. For their families, vexation of poverty is the largest negative factors which influence the willingness. At the other end, the shame they feel when they get to know that their family member is a beggar might pressure these professional beggars to live a self-supported life. T o the city governments, how to increase the willingness of the professional beggars to give up the career voluntarily is a thorny problem. Because on one hand, stricter regulation and laws will violate their human rights, on the other hand, the genuine rules and aid system do not seem to work in a productive. The governments need to find a way that can beget positive result as well as minimize the waste of public resources.2.3 Provisional ExplanationBased on the above outline and brainstorming, we came out with the provisional explanation of our professional beggars problem which shows the graph beneath On the left hand, five personal and external determinants are listed that will directly influence the willingness to live a self-support life. The environmental conditions with the outcome variable (i.e. give up career begging) is showed to the right. pic2.4 Issue related approachesSeveral champaign papers written by domestic policy researcher have shown us certain practicable reason for this existing phenomenon Instability of job position (Wei Guo, 2012). A lot of people can find a labor job, but since it is mostly not skill related and thereof they are highly replaceable. In comparison, world a professional beggar, they are at least self-employed. Lack of understanding from the society (Xiangyu Chen, Na li, 2010). The society mostly fails to really understand the difficulty of professional beggar without having been in similar situation.With the idea of not being understood, professional beggars and so have doubts most the readiness of social help, which negatively effects their willingness to try to start a self-dependent life. Polarization of social wealth (D Xue-hui, 2003). As a popular theory goes, 20% of the population possess 80% of the resources, so that the rich become richer, the poor so poorer. The professional beggars in this environment face a higher likelihood to think they are reduce level human being and of no use to the society. Thats why they also have only little willingness to give up the begging career.2.5 Conceptual approachesTo represent to the social psychological level, we try to look at this problem with some field related theories Emotion on finding making. One of the braches of it is Self Defense Mechanisms (Phebe Cramer 2006). SDM in simple words are psychological strategies brought into play to maintain a socially admitable self-image. In our case, choosing the professional beggar career is a cause of shame and embarrassment. When they categorize themselves in a lower level of social life, they have doubts about the truthfulness of the society. Thinking that they are only pitied and not understood, they become unlikable to themselves and fail to trust in the true kindness. As consequence, they are not ready or open to accept possible help which could help them to start a independent life. Social comparison (Naomi Ellemers, 2002).To be more specific for our case, we need to understand Rel ative Deprivation Theory. It refers to the discontent people feel when they compare their positions to others and realize that they have less of what they consider themselves to be entitled than those around them. Most professional beggars are not teeming educated or maybe even have not been through the obligated education phase, which leaves them with no competitive skills to set food in the job market. They also dont see themselves with any likely success in the society. Alone with this, they still need to face the impractical high antepast from the family.When they want to go back home, in order not to lose face, they will need to have fair to middling money, which, considering their situation, is hard to earn other than being beggars. Risk perception. Affect being a important part of the risk perception, we will here take a look at how Mood Congruence Effect (Seo et al., 2010) can influence our problem. According to this effect, if positive feeling responds to positive out come, a potential positive outcome will be rated as more likely. In our case, the amount of money earned is very close to the amount of a normal employee, which for the beggars is a surprisingly good income level. Combined the positive income and the riant feeling, they are more convinced about the bright future in the begging career, and therefore not willing to give it up.2.6 General theory approachExpected UtilityAt the end it all comes to expectation individuals expect a higher social status families expect the children to be successful the society expects the professional beggars to disappear. We will see a kidnapping closer from these three aspects Personal individuals leave home to try to make a career so that they can feed their family, make them steep and be useful to the society. But having a goal without having corresponding skills to genuinely live up to their expectation, leaves them in frustration. Being a professional beggar in this situation becomes their lifeb uoy. The money they earn from it in some level creates them the illusion of having a career and it amends for the feeling of losing social status. Family every parent thinks that their children can be successful in the society one way or another.The money the beggars bring home is the proof of their success, which, when the family is not aware of the method how they earn it, is sometimes more than enough for the family to believe that their expectation has been met. Society the society deep down wishes that the professional beggars wont, one day, be a problem anymore. With this in mind, people try to donate clobber or offer voluntary help. The material/pecuniary help in some way rattling assures the beggars that they will be able to make a life being in the career. When the society doesnt see the improvement of their expectation over time, they lose the motivation to keep on helping.3. Test final answerBefore we can come to the final graph, we go through again all the possible relevant elements with 2 criterions relevance and changeability. The same time we try to eradicate the elements with low relevance and/or low changeability, also the ones that overlap with others. transmutability (in a job position) it means that its hard for the beggars to find a stable job. It thusly overlaps with easy money, which says that the beggar career offers them the surmise to have a job that also earns them money easily. Experience law of similarity (from the social help side) having a similar experience brings a large chance to actually understand the difficulties that others are facing. With appropriate understand the help can then be genuine. It therefore overlaps with sympathy. But then in order to understand most of the time is a issue of willingness. The society has already rated the beggars negative without seeing the actually reasons of the phenomenon.Some who have faced the same situation but came out being actually successful may despite the others who c ouldnt. In the way, the similar experience is not so relevant to solve the problem. Skill learning opportunities as the iterate goes, you give a man a fish and you feed him for a day, you teach a man to fish and you feed him for lifetime. Learning a practical skill is the approach which will eventually have vast impact on this issue. The opportunities are actually widely offered, but then the beggars are not willing to take them, since they think the learning then finding a job process is taking the time away(predicate) from them earning easy money. So the skill learning opportunities is here not so relevant. Awareness of usage some beggars did not start the beggar career on their own intention. They might have been talked into the line of work. Those people who talked them into form this company-like group, they act like their manager, assign their tasks, location etc and also take profit from them.But then its hard to notice that they are manipulated while they are actually ha ving income. This element is hard to be changed. Over-valuation of material life in the big environment money talks. Money cant do everything but then without money nothing can be done. Generally accepted idea is that a good material life is the basis of a successful life. This element exist planetary so that it would be really difficult to change peoples believe in it. Determinants Changeability Relevance Overlap (Y/N) Substitutability + + + Y Experience similarity - + Y Learning opportunities + / N Awareness of manipulation - + N Over-valuation material life - + + Y Establishment of dignity + + + N Disbelief in society - + N Easy moneys + + + N Empathy/ touchable solicitude + + + + N Family pressure + + + N After the eliminations, we can now here draw a final graphAs illustrated above, there are three main variables (Establishment of dignity, Empathy/Real solicitude and Readiness to accept help) hold positive relation with the give up begging outcome, and two negati ve ones (Family pressure and Easy money). picWe believe that Establishment of dignity from the personal side of the sbeggar and Empathy/ Real solicitude from the society/government side serves as the most important positive fact in the whole relationship. Not only because they are more initiative variables than others, but also, as shown, they get more positive determinants.3.2 TestsWith the final graph presented, now we will incorporate the social psychology theory and the real life issue in concert to understand the existence of the problem and eventually find out the possible solution to solve it. Readiness to accept help. If the beggars get to earn more self-esteem, it will reduce the feeling of embarrassment or shame. Alone side they will more likely to think the society is not meet pitying them but instead try to understand and help them. With these two influences, the self defense mechanisms would play a less important role. In the end they will be more ready to open themse lves to the help. Family pressure. The high expectation from family doesnt match with the actual skills is the core reason why the beggars experience the relative deprivation. If they feel that there are no shipway that they can be useful or appreciated, they will lose the willingness to improve themselves. In this case the families need to understand them too.They should not only compare the monetary income but more the skills learned and the independence of their lives, to value the individual improvement more. Easy money. Compared to the income of a normal low skill infallible labor work, the money they earned being a professional beggar is rather nice. Therefore, their belief in future gain becomes a strong moderator in the relationship between easy money and the willingness to live a self-support life. The unexpected income level leads to positive emotions, with which they have more expectation towards the protraction of this career. If they think they can earn a living fr om it, then they wont be willing to give up and try to start a self-supported life.PATH Help4. Hypothetical conclusionAfter try to analyze the phenomenon, we came across some possible steps that we can take to improve the situation, among which the measures on a personal base seem to have the ability to create the biggest impact. It means a change of their way to think. hardly when they believe in self value, in the genuine help from the society, can the other measures or policy do their work. To do that, truthful communications between families and individuals as well as between individuals and the society should be encouraged t to take place. The openness will improve the understanding, which eventually improves the social situation.ReferenceLI Hong-ying 2000. On the problem of career beggar in modern Chinese society. ledger of Anhui recipe University (Philosophy & social acquisitions. 2000-01Mei-Guangyao WuXiuling Zhangfan Zhengwenyan Yexiuzhi Chenchen Hefenglan(School dev elopment Science of South China Norm University)College students attitude to the beggar and the correlativity research with altruismJScience of Social Psychology2006-05Checkoway, Barry, 1990. Unanswered Questions about universe Service in the Public Research University. SAGE Social Science CollectionGAO Hui(Marxism College,Tian Jin University of Commence,Tianjin 300134,China)The Governance and Successful Experiences of the Communist Party of China on Main Beggar ProblemsJCentral China blueprint University Journal of Postgraduates2012-01Cramer, Phebe 2006. defend the Self Defense Mechanisms in Action. The Guilford Press 1 edition (May 18, 2006)Iain Walker, eelpout J. Smith 2002. Relative Deprivation, Specification, Development, and IntegrationLIU Shu-dong (Department of Literature and History,Hunan University of Arts and Science,Changde,415000,China)The Influence of the Refugees doorway into the City on the UrbanizationJJournal of Hunan University of Arts and Science(Social Sci ence Edition)2008-06XU Zhan-chun(School of Politics and Law,Yichun University,Yichun 336000,China)The commencement of Shanghai Port and its Changes and Impacts onthe Development of Shanghai and Region South of the Yangtze RiverJJournal of Changshu Institute of Technology2009-03YANG Ya-hua (College of Law,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou 350108,China)The Regulations of Beggars and Vagabones from the View of the Difference and Fusion of Chinese and Western CulturesJJournal of Fujian Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)2007-06TANG Xiujuan,WANG Xia (School of Public Administration,Guangzhou University,Guangzhou,Guangdong,510006,China)Analysis of Urban Vagrants Relief Situation and Relevant MeasuresJJournal of Guangzhou University(Social Science Edition)2007-08GAO Min,ZHANG Chao-hong,YAN Feng (College of humanistic discipline and Law,Shandong University of Science and Technology,Qingdao 266510,China)Countermeasures on Controlling Social Phenomenon of Street Begging in ChinaJJournal of Shandong Institute of Business and Technology2006-05RAO Xiaojun, SHAO XiaoguangMARGINAL COMMUNITY A PERSPECTIVE OF THE SOCIAL SPACE OF THE URBAN COMMUNITIESJCity Planning check2001-09M Seo, R Ilies. 2009. The role of self-efficacy, goal, and affect in dynamic motivation self-regulation. Organizational behavior and Human decision Process.Li Zemin Du Danxia Wang Xinhua (Dept.of management,Guangdong Polytechnic Normal Univ.,Guangzhou 510665,China)Report on the Living Conditions of Beggars and Image of GuangzhouJJournal of Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University2005-05Chu Zhixia,Fang Le(Postgraduate,Law School of Nanjing Normal University.,Nanjing,210097,China)Right of Begging Viewed from Sociology of